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Operando Investigation of WS2 Gas Sensors : Simultaneous Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Electrical Characterization in Unveiling Sensing Mechanisms during Toxic Gas Exposure

Scardamaglia, Mattia LU ; Casanova-Cháfer, Juan ; Temperton, Robert LU ; Annanouch, Fatima Ezahra ; Mohammadpour, Amin ; Malandra, Gabriel ; Das, Arkaprava ; Alagh, Aanchal ; Arbouch, Imane and Montoisy, Loïc , et al. (2024) In ACS Sensors 9(8). p.4079-4088
Abstract

Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) is combined with simultaneous electrical measurements and supported by density functional theory calculations to investigate the sensing mechanism of tungsten disulfide (WS2)-based gas sensors in an operando dynamic experiment. This approach allows for the direct correlation between changes in the surface potential and the resistivity of the WS2 sensing active layer under realistic operating conditions. Focusing on the toxic gases NO2 and NH3, we concurrently demonstrate the distinct chemical interactions between oxidizing or reducing agents and the WS2 active layer and their effect on the sensor response. The experimental... (More)

Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) is combined with simultaneous electrical measurements and supported by density functional theory calculations to investigate the sensing mechanism of tungsten disulfide (WS2)-based gas sensors in an operando dynamic experiment. This approach allows for the direct correlation between changes in the surface potential and the resistivity of the WS2 sensing active layer under realistic operating conditions. Focusing on the toxic gases NO2 and NH3, we concurrently demonstrate the distinct chemical interactions between oxidizing or reducing agents and the WS2 active layer and their effect on the sensor response. The experimental setup mimics standard electrical measurements on chemiresistors, exposing the sample to dry air and introducing the target gas analyte at different concentrations. This methodology applied to NH3 concentrations of 100, 230, and 760 and 14 ppm of NO2 establishes a benchmark for future APXPS studies on sensing devices, providing fast acquisition times and a 1:1 correlation between electrical response and spectroscopy data in operando conditions. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the sensing mechanism in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides, paving the way for optimizing chemiresistor sensors for various industrial applications and wireless platforms with low energy consumption.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
band bending, density functional theory, gas sensing, operando spectroscopy, surface potential
in
ACS Sensors
volume
9
issue
8
pages
10 pages
publisher
The American Chemical Society (ACS)
external identifiers
  • scopus:85199722709
  • pmid:39057835
ISSN
2379-3694
DOI
10.1021/acssensors.4c01033
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
b54f8a7d-0e8d-4d48-91c2-c1e6be15f9f0
date added to LUP
2024-11-11 15:47:49
date last changed
2025-07-08 11:21:56
@article{b54f8a7d-0e8d-4d48-91c2-c1e6be15f9f0,
  abstract     = {{<p>Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) is combined with simultaneous electrical measurements and supported by density functional theory calculations to investigate the sensing mechanism of tungsten disulfide (WS<sub>2</sub>)-based gas sensors in an operando dynamic experiment. This approach allows for the direct correlation between changes in the surface potential and the resistivity of the WS<sub>2</sub> sensing active layer under realistic operating conditions. Focusing on the toxic gases NO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub>, we concurrently demonstrate the distinct chemical interactions between oxidizing or reducing agents and the WS<sub>2</sub> active layer and their effect on the sensor response. The experimental setup mimics standard electrical measurements on chemiresistors, exposing the sample to dry air and introducing the target gas analyte at different concentrations. This methodology applied to NH<sub>3</sub> concentrations of 100, 230, and 760 and 14 ppm of NO<sub>2</sub> establishes a benchmark for future APXPS studies on sensing devices, providing fast acquisition times and a 1:1 correlation between electrical response and spectroscopy data in operando conditions. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the sensing mechanism in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides, paving the way for optimizing chemiresistor sensors for various industrial applications and wireless platforms with low energy consumption.</p>}},
  author       = {{Scardamaglia, Mattia and Casanova-Cháfer, Juan and Temperton, Robert and Annanouch, Fatima Ezahra and Mohammadpour, Amin and Malandra, Gabriel and Das, Arkaprava and Alagh, Aanchal and Arbouch, Imane and Montoisy, Loïc and Cornil, David and Cornil, Jérôme and Llobet, Eduard and Bittencourt, Carla}},
  issn         = {{2379-3694}},
  keywords     = {{band bending; density functional theory; gas sensing; operando spectroscopy; surface potential}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{8}},
  pages        = {{4079--4088}},
  publisher    = {{The American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  series       = {{ACS Sensors}},
  title        = {{Operando Investigation of WS<sub>2</sub> Gas Sensors : Simultaneous Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Electrical Characterization in Unveiling Sensing Mechanisms during Toxic Gas Exposure}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.4c01033}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acssensors.4c01033}},
  volume       = {{9}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}