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Genetic basis of lacunar stroke : a pooled analysis of individual patient data and genome-wide association studies

Traylor, Matthew ; Persyn, Elodie ; Tomppo, Liisa ; Klasson, Sofia ; Abedi, Vida ; Bakker, Mark K. ; Torres, Nuria ; Li, Linxin ; Bell, Steven and Rutten-Jacobs, Loes , et al. (2021) In The Lancet Neurology 20(5). p.351-361
Abstract

Background: The genetic basis of lacunar stroke is poorly understood, with a single locus on 16q24 identified to date. We sought to identify novel associations and provide mechanistic insights into the disease. Methods: We did a pooled analysis of data from newly recruited patients with an MRI-confirmed diagnosis of lacunar stroke and existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Patients were recruited from hospitals in the UK as part of the UK DNA Lacunar Stroke studies 1 and 2 and from collaborators within the International Stroke Genetics Consortium. Cases and controls were stratified by ancestry and two meta-analyses were done: a European ancestry analysis, and a transethnic analysis that included all ancestry groups. We also... (More)

Background: The genetic basis of lacunar stroke is poorly understood, with a single locus on 16q24 identified to date. We sought to identify novel associations and provide mechanistic insights into the disease. Methods: We did a pooled analysis of data from newly recruited patients with an MRI-confirmed diagnosis of lacunar stroke and existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Patients were recruited from hospitals in the UK as part of the UK DNA Lacunar Stroke studies 1 and 2 and from collaborators within the International Stroke Genetics Consortium. Cases and controls were stratified by ancestry and two meta-analyses were done: a European ancestry analysis, and a transethnic analysis that included all ancestry groups. We also did a multi-trait analysis of GWAS, in a joint analysis with a study of cerebral white matter hyperintensities (an aetiologically related radiological trait), to find additional genetic associations. We did a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) to detect genes for which expression is associated with lacunar stroke; identified significantly enriched pathways using multi-marker analysis of genomic annotation; and evaluated cardiovascular risk factors causally associated with the disease using mendelian randomisation. Findings: Our meta-analysis comprised studies from Europe, the USA, and Australia, including 7338 cases and 254 798 controls, of which 2987 cases (matched with 29 540 controls) were confirmed using MRI. Five loci (ICA1L-WDR12-CARF-NBEAL1, ULK4, SPI1-SLC39A13-PSMC3-RAPSN, ZCCHC14, ZBTB14-EPB41L3) were found to be associated with lacunar stroke in the European or transethnic meta-analyses. A further seven loci (SLC25A44-PMF1-BGLAP, LOX-ZNF474-LOC100505841, FOXF2-FOXQ1, VTA1-GPR126, SH3PXD2A, HTRA1-ARMS2, COL4A2) were found to be associated in the multi-trait analysis with cerebral white matter hyperintensities (n=42 310). Two of the identified loci contain genes (COL4A2 and HTRA1) that are involved in monogenic lacunar stroke. The TWAS identified associations between the expression of six genes (SCL25A44, ULK4, CARF, FAM117B, ICA1L, NBEAL1) and lacunar stroke. Pathway analyses implicated disruption of the extracellular matrix, phosphatidylinositol 5 phosphate binding, and roundabout binding (false discovery rate <0·05). Mendelian randomisation analyses identified positive associations of elevated blood pressure, history of smoking, and type 2 diabetes with lacunar stroke. Interpretation: Lacunar stroke has a substantial heritable component, with 12 loci now identified that could represent future treatment targets. These loci provide insights into lacunar stroke pathogenesis, highlighting disruption of the vascular extracellular matrix (COL4A2, LOX, SH3PXD2A, GPR126, HTRA1), pericyte differentiation (FOXF2, GPR126), TGF-β signalling (HTRA1), and myelination (ULK4, GPR126) in disease risk. Funding: British Heart Foundation.

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The Lancet Neurology
volume
20
issue
5
pages
11 pages
publisher
Lancet Publishing Group
external identifiers
  • scopus:85103972083
  • pmid:33773637
ISSN
1474-4422
DOI
10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00031-4
language
English
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yes
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b561ec4a-e357-477a-ac72-8e58e18e96f2
date added to LUP
2021-04-23 07:35:59
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2024-06-16 12:50:52
@article{b561ec4a-e357-477a-ac72-8e58e18e96f2,
  abstract     = {{<p>Background: The genetic basis of lacunar stroke is poorly understood, with a single locus on 16q24 identified to date. We sought to identify novel associations and provide mechanistic insights into the disease. Methods: We did a pooled analysis of data from newly recruited patients with an MRI-confirmed diagnosis of lacunar stroke and existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Patients were recruited from hospitals in the UK as part of the UK DNA Lacunar Stroke studies 1 and 2 and from collaborators within the International Stroke Genetics Consortium. Cases and controls were stratified by ancestry and two meta-analyses were done: a European ancestry analysis, and a transethnic analysis that included all ancestry groups. We also did a multi-trait analysis of GWAS, in a joint analysis with a study of cerebral white matter hyperintensities (an aetiologically related radiological trait), to find additional genetic associations. We did a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) to detect genes for which expression is associated with lacunar stroke; identified significantly enriched pathways using multi-marker analysis of genomic annotation; and evaluated cardiovascular risk factors causally associated with the disease using mendelian randomisation. Findings: Our meta-analysis comprised studies from Europe, the USA, and Australia, including 7338 cases and 254 798 controls, of which 2987 cases (matched with 29 540 controls) were confirmed using MRI. Five loci (ICA1L-WDR12-CARF-NBEAL1, ULK4, SPI1-SLC39A13-PSMC3-RAPSN, ZCCHC14, ZBTB14-EPB41L3) were found to be associated with lacunar stroke in the European or transethnic meta-analyses. A further seven loci (SLC25A44-PMF1-BGLAP, LOX-ZNF474-LOC100505841, FOXF2-FOXQ1, VTA1-GPR126, SH3PXD2A, HTRA1-ARMS2, COL4A2) were found to be associated in the multi-trait analysis with cerebral white matter hyperintensities (n=42 310). Two of the identified loci contain genes (COL4A2 and HTRA1) that are involved in monogenic lacunar stroke. The TWAS identified associations between the expression of six genes (SCL25A44, ULK4, CARF, FAM117B, ICA1L, NBEAL1) and lacunar stroke. Pathway analyses implicated disruption of the extracellular matrix, phosphatidylinositol 5 phosphate binding, and roundabout binding (false discovery rate &lt;0·05). Mendelian randomisation analyses identified positive associations of elevated blood pressure, history of smoking, and type 2 diabetes with lacunar stroke. Interpretation: Lacunar stroke has a substantial heritable component, with 12 loci now identified that could represent future treatment targets. These loci provide insights into lacunar stroke pathogenesis, highlighting disruption of the vascular extracellular matrix (COL4A2, LOX, SH3PXD2A, GPR126, HTRA1), pericyte differentiation (FOXF2, GPR126), TGF-β signalling (HTRA1), and myelination (ULK4, GPR126) in disease risk. Funding: British Heart Foundation.</p>}},
  author       = {{Traylor, Matthew and Persyn, Elodie and Tomppo, Liisa and Klasson, Sofia and Abedi, Vida and Bakker, Mark K. and Torres, Nuria and Li, Linxin and Bell, Steven and Rutten-Jacobs, Loes and Tozer, Daniel J. and Griessenauer, Christoph J. and Zhang, Yanfei and Pedersen, Annie and Sharma, Pankaj and Jimenez-Conde, Jordi and Rundek, Tatjana and Grewal, Raji P. and Lindgren, Arne and Meschia, James F. and Salomaa, Veikko and Havulinna, Aki and Kourkoulis, Christina and Crawford, Katherine and Marini, Sandro and Mitchell, Braxton D. and Kittner, Steven J. and Rosand, Jonathan and Dichgans, Martin and Jern, Christina and Strbian, Daniel and Fernandez-Cadenas, Israel and Zand, Ramin and Ruigrok, Ynte and Rost, Natalia and Lemmens, Robin and Rothwell, Peter M. and Anderson, Christopher D. and Wardlaw, Joanna and Lewis, Cathryn M. and Markus, Hugh S.}},
  issn         = {{1474-4422}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{05}},
  number       = {{5}},
  pages        = {{351--361}},
  publisher    = {{Lancet Publishing Group}},
  series       = {{The Lancet Neurology}},
  title        = {{Genetic basis of lacunar stroke : a pooled analysis of individual patient data and genome-wide association studies}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00031-4}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00031-4}},
  volume       = {{20}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}