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Biodegradation of PBAT/PLA mulch films synergizes lethal and sublethal ecotoxicity of insecticides to soil invertebrates

Yoon, Junho LU orcid ; Jung, Seungoh ; Tak, Jun Hyung and Kwak, Hyo Won (2026) In Environmental Pollution 406.
Abstract

Biodegradable plastic mulch films are increasingly adopted in agriculture, yet the ecotoxicological risks arising from their degradation products in mixtures with concurrent chemical inputs remain largely unexplored. This study assessed the lethal and sublethal toxicity of PBAT/PLA biodegradation products combined with four soil-applied insecticides (abamectin, cyantraniliprole, sulfoxaflor, and thiamethoxam) on the soil invertebrates Folsomia candida and Stratiolaelaps scimitus across a 12-week degradation period. In F. candida, PBAT/PLA biodegradation products synergized the lethal toxicity of abamectin, sulfoxaflor, and thiamethoxam. The temporal dynamics of these synergistic interactions mirrored the degradation phases observed in... (More)

Biodegradable plastic mulch films are increasingly adopted in agriculture, yet the ecotoxicological risks arising from their degradation products in mixtures with concurrent chemical inputs remain largely unexplored. This study assessed the lethal and sublethal toxicity of PBAT/PLA biodegradation products combined with four soil-applied insecticides (abamectin, cyantraniliprole, sulfoxaflor, and thiamethoxam) on the soil invertebrates Folsomia candida and Stratiolaelaps scimitus across a 12-week degradation period. In F. candida, PBAT/PLA biodegradation products synergized the lethal toxicity of abamectin, sulfoxaflor, and thiamethoxam. The temporal dynamics of these synergistic interactions mirrored the degradation phases observed in physicochemical analyses, suggesting the importance of selecting appropriate degradation time windows for risk assessments. In contrast, no lethal synergism was detected in S. scimitus. However, sublethal assays showed that the mixtures significantly altered predation activity, with synergistic effects observed for sulfoxaflor and thiamethoxam. These findings demonstrate that interaction patterns are species- and endpoint-dependent, and that lethal effects may not predict sublethal functional impairment. Overall, the results indicate that the timing of mulch-film degradation can influence mixture toxicity under controlled laboratory conditions.

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author
; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Environmental risk assessment, Mixture toxicity, PBAT/PLA mulch film, Sublethal toxicity, Synergism
in
Environmental Pollution
volume
406
article number
128445
publisher
Elsevier
external identifiers
  • pmid:42208649
  • scopus:105042673216
ISSN
0269-7491
DOI
10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128445
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
b67e26da-c8c5-413c-811a-c385e2420bcb
date added to LUP
2026-06-03 14:59:49
date last changed
2026-07-02 07:49:00
@article{b67e26da-c8c5-413c-811a-c385e2420bcb,
  abstract     = {{<p>Biodegradable plastic mulch films are increasingly adopted in agriculture, yet the ecotoxicological risks arising from their degradation products in mixtures with concurrent chemical inputs remain largely unexplored. This study assessed the lethal and sublethal toxicity of PBAT/PLA biodegradation products combined with four soil-applied insecticides (abamectin, cyantraniliprole, sulfoxaflor, and thiamethoxam) on the soil invertebrates Folsomia candida and Stratiolaelaps scimitus across a 12-week degradation period. In F. candida, PBAT/PLA biodegradation products synergized the lethal toxicity of abamectin, sulfoxaflor, and thiamethoxam. The temporal dynamics of these synergistic interactions mirrored the degradation phases observed in physicochemical analyses, suggesting the importance of selecting appropriate degradation time windows for risk assessments. In contrast, no lethal synergism was detected in S. scimitus. However, sublethal assays showed that the mixtures significantly altered predation activity, with synergistic effects observed for sulfoxaflor and thiamethoxam. These findings demonstrate that interaction patterns are species- and endpoint-dependent, and that lethal effects may not predict sublethal functional impairment. Overall, the results indicate that the timing of mulch-film degradation can influence mixture toxicity under controlled laboratory conditions.</p>}},
  author       = {{Yoon, Junho and Jung, Seungoh and Tak, Jun Hyung and Kwak, Hyo Won}},
  issn         = {{0269-7491}},
  keywords     = {{Environmental risk assessment; Mixture toxicity; PBAT/PLA mulch film; Sublethal toxicity; Synergism}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{10}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  series       = {{Environmental Pollution}},
  title        = {{Biodegradation of PBAT/PLA mulch films synergizes lethal and sublethal ecotoxicity of insecticides to soil invertebrates}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128445}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128445}},
  volume       = {{406}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}