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A common variant upstream of the PAX6 gene influences islet function in man.

Ahlqvist, Emma LU ; Turrini, Fabiola LU ; Lang, Stefan LU orcid ; Taneera, Jalal LU ; Zhou, Yuedan LU ; Almgren, Peter LU ; Hansson, Ola LU orcid ; Isomaa, B ; Tuomi, T and Eriksson, K , et al. (2012) In Diabetologia 55. p.94-104
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired insulin secretion have been reported in families with PAX6 mutations and it is suggested that they result from defective proinsulin processing due to lack of prohormone convertase 1/3, encoded by PCSK1. We investigated whether a common PAX6 variant would mimic these findings and explored in detail its effect on islet function in man. METHODS: A PAX6 candidate single nucleotide polymorphism (rs685428) was associated with fasting insulin levels in the Diabetes Genetics Initiative genome-wide association study. We explored its potential association with glucose tolerance and insulin processing and secretion in three Scandinavian cohorts (N = 8,897 individuals). In addition, insulin... (More)
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired insulin secretion have been reported in families with PAX6 mutations and it is suggested that they result from defective proinsulin processing due to lack of prohormone convertase 1/3, encoded by PCSK1. We investigated whether a common PAX6 variant would mimic these findings and explored in detail its effect on islet function in man. METHODS: A PAX6 candidate single nucleotide polymorphism (rs685428) was associated with fasting insulin levels in the Diabetes Genetics Initiative genome-wide association study. We explored its potential association with glucose tolerance and insulin processing and secretion in three Scandinavian cohorts (N = 8,897 individuals). In addition, insulin secretion and the expression of PAX6 and transcriptional target genes were studied in human pancreatic islets. RESULTS: rs685428 G allele carriers had lower islet mRNA expression of PAX6 (p = 0.01) and PCSK1 (p = 0.001) than AA homozygotes. The G allele was associated with increased fasting insulin (p (replication) = 0.02, p (all) = 0.0008) and HOMA-insulin resistance (p (replication) = 0.02, p (all) = 0.001) as well as a lower fasting proinsulin/insulin ratio (p (all) = 0.008) and lower fasting glucagon (p = 0.04) and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) (p = 0.05) concentrations. Arginine-stimulated (p = 0.02) insulin secretion was reduced in vivo, which was further reflected by a reduction of glucose- and potassium-stimulated insulin secretion (p = 0.002 and p = 0.04, respectively) in human islets in vitro. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: A common variant in PAX6 is associated with reduced PAX6 and PCSK1 expression in human islets and reduced insulin response, as well as decreased glucagon and GIP concentrations and decreased insulin sensitivity. These findings emphasise the central role of PAX6 in the regulation of islet function and glucose metabolism in man. (Less)
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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Diabetologia
volume
55
pages
94 - 104
publisher
Springer
external identifiers
  • wos:000297739000016
  • pmid:21922321
  • scopus:84856709688
  • pmid:21922321
ISSN
1432-0428
DOI
10.1007/s00125-011-2300-8
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
bc7766c9-5a57-4e2c-82cc-b7105c373d0f (old id 2168863)
alternative location
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21922321?dopt=Abstract
date added to LUP
2016-04-04 07:11:01
date last changed
2024-03-29 15:22:40
@article{bc7766c9-5a57-4e2c-82cc-b7105c373d0f,
  abstract     = {{AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired insulin secretion have been reported in families with PAX6 mutations and it is suggested that they result from defective proinsulin processing due to lack of prohormone convertase 1/3, encoded by PCSK1. We investigated whether a common PAX6 variant would mimic these findings and explored in detail its effect on islet function in man. METHODS: A PAX6 candidate single nucleotide polymorphism (rs685428) was associated with fasting insulin levels in the Diabetes Genetics Initiative genome-wide association study. We explored its potential association with glucose tolerance and insulin processing and secretion in three Scandinavian cohorts (N = 8,897 individuals). In addition, insulin secretion and the expression of PAX6 and transcriptional target genes were studied in human pancreatic islets. RESULTS: rs685428 G allele carriers had lower islet mRNA expression of PAX6 (p = 0.01) and PCSK1 (p = 0.001) than AA homozygotes. The G allele was associated with increased fasting insulin (p (replication) = 0.02, p (all) = 0.0008) and HOMA-insulin resistance (p (replication) = 0.02, p (all) = 0.001) as well as a lower fasting proinsulin/insulin ratio (p (all) = 0.008) and lower fasting glucagon (p = 0.04) and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) (p = 0.05) concentrations. Arginine-stimulated (p = 0.02) insulin secretion was reduced in vivo, which was further reflected by a reduction of glucose- and potassium-stimulated insulin secretion (p = 0.002 and p = 0.04, respectively) in human islets in vitro. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: A common variant in PAX6 is associated with reduced PAX6 and PCSK1 expression in human islets and reduced insulin response, as well as decreased glucagon and GIP concentrations and decreased insulin sensitivity. These findings emphasise the central role of PAX6 in the regulation of islet function and glucose metabolism in man.}},
  author       = {{Ahlqvist, Emma and Turrini, Fabiola and Lang, Stefan and Taneera, Jalal and Zhou, Yuedan and Almgren, Peter and Hansson, Ola and Isomaa, B and Tuomi, T and Eriksson, K and Eriksson, J G and Lyssenko, Valeriya and Groop, Leif}},
  issn         = {{1432-0428}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{94--104}},
  publisher    = {{Springer}},
  series       = {{Diabetologia}},
  title        = {{A common variant upstream of the PAX6 gene influences islet function in man.}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-011-2300-8}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s00125-011-2300-8}},
  volume       = {{55}},
  year         = {{2012}},
}