The landscape of submicroscopic structural variants at the OPN1LW/OPN1MW gene cluster on Xq28 underlying blue cone monochromacy
(2022) In Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 119(27).- Abstract
Blue cone monochromacy (BCM) is an X-linked retinal disorder characterized by low vision, photoaversion, and poor color discrimination. BCM is due to the lack of long-wavelength-sensitive and middle-wavelength-sensitive cone photoreceptor function and caused by mutations in the OPN1LW/OPN1MW gene cluster on Xq28. Here, we investigated the prevalence and the landscape of submicroscopic structural variants (SVs) at single-base resolution in BCM patients. We found that about one-third (n = 73) of the 213 molecularly confirmed BCM families carry an SV, most commonly deletions restricted to the OPN1LW/OPN1MW gene cluster. The structure and precise breakpoints of the SVs were resolved in all but one of the 73 families. Twenty-two families—all... (More)
Blue cone monochromacy (BCM) is an X-linked retinal disorder characterized by low vision, photoaversion, and poor color discrimination. BCM is due to the lack of long-wavelength-sensitive and middle-wavelength-sensitive cone photoreceptor function and caused by mutations in the OPN1LW/OPN1MW gene cluster on Xq28. Here, we investigated the prevalence and the landscape of submicroscopic structural variants (SVs) at single-base resolution in BCM patients. We found that about one-third (n = 73) of the 213 molecularly confirmed BCM families carry an SV, most commonly deletions restricted to the OPN1LW/OPN1MW gene cluster. The structure and precise breakpoints of the SVs were resolved in all but one of the 73 families. Twenty-two families—all from the United States—showed the same SV, and we confirmed a common ancestry of this mutation. In total, 42 distinct SVs were identified, including 40 previously unreported SVs, thereby quadrupling the number of precisely mapped SVs underlying BCM. Notably, there was no “region of overlap” among these SVs. However, 90% of SVs encompass the upstream locus control region, an essential enhancer element. Its minimal functional extent based on deletion mapping in patients was refined to 358 bp. Breakpoint analyses suggest diverse mechanisms underlying SV formation as well as in one case the gene conversion-based exchange of a 142-bp deletion between opsin genes. Using parsimonious assumptions, we reconstructed the composition and copy number of the OPN1LW/OPN1MW gene cluster prior to the mutation event and found evidence that large gene arrays may be predisposed to the occurrence of SVs at this locus.
(Less)
- author
- organization
- publishing date
- 2022-07-05
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- BCM, gene conversion, human visual pigment genes, locus control region, opsin gene deletion
- in
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
- volume
- 119
- issue
- 27
- article number
- e2115538119
- publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85132957519
- pmid:35759666
- ISSN
- 0027-8424
- DOI
- 10.1073/pnas.2115538119
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- bee138ab-e193-48b1-8cc8-3481367ef539
- date added to LUP
- 2022-10-10 13:58:00
- date last changed
- 2024-06-13 13:01:19
@article{bee138ab-e193-48b1-8cc8-3481367ef539,
abstract = {{<p>Blue cone monochromacy (BCM) is an X-linked retinal disorder characterized by low vision, photoaversion, and poor color discrimination. BCM is due to the lack of long-wavelength-sensitive and middle-wavelength-sensitive cone photoreceptor function and caused by mutations in the OPN1LW/OPN1MW gene cluster on Xq28. Here, we investigated the prevalence and the landscape of submicroscopic structural variants (SVs) at single-base resolution in BCM patients. We found that about one-third (n = 73) of the 213 molecularly confirmed BCM families carry an SV, most commonly deletions restricted to the OPN1LW/OPN1MW gene cluster. The structure and precise breakpoints of the SVs were resolved in all but one of the 73 families. Twenty-two families—all from the United States—showed the same SV, and we confirmed a common ancestry of this mutation. In total, 42 distinct SVs were identified, including 40 previously unreported SVs, thereby quadrupling the number of precisely mapped SVs underlying BCM. Notably, there was no “region of overlap” among these SVs. However, 90% of SVs encompass the upstream locus control region, an essential enhancer element. Its minimal functional extent based on deletion mapping in patients was refined to 358 bp. Breakpoint analyses suggest diverse mechanisms underlying SV formation as well as in one case the gene conversion-based exchange of a 142-bp deletion between opsin genes. Using parsimonious assumptions, we reconstructed the composition and copy number of the OPN1LW/OPN1MW gene cluster prior to the mutation event and found evidence that large gene arrays may be predisposed to the occurrence of SVs at this locus.</p>}},
author = {{Wissinger, Bernd and Baumann, Britta and Buena-Atienza, Elena and Ravesh, Zeinab and Cideciyan, Artur V. and Stingl, Katarina and Audo, Isabelle and Meunier, Isabelle and Bocquet, Beatrice and Traboulsi, Elias I. and Hardcastle, Alison J. and Gardner, Jessica C. and Michaelides, Michel and Branham, Kari E. and Rosenberg, Thomas and Andreasson, Sten and Dollfus, Hélène and Birch, David and Vincent, Andrea L. and Martorell, Loreto and Mora, Jaume Català and Kellner, Ulrich and Ruther, Klaus and Lorenz, Birgit and Preising, Markus N. and Manfredini, Emanuela and Zarate, Yuri A. and Vijzelaar, Raymon and Zrenner, Eberhart and Jacobson, Samuel G. and Kohl, Susanne}},
issn = {{0027-8424}},
keywords = {{BCM; gene conversion; human visual pigment genes; locus control region; opsin gene deletion}},
language = {{eng}},
month = {{07}},
number = {{27}},
publisher = {{National Academy of Sciences}},
series = {{Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}},
title = {{The landscape of submicroscopic structural variants at the OPN1LW/OPN1MW gene cluster on Xq28 underlying blue cone monochromacy}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115538119}},
doi = {{10.1073/pnas.2115538119}},
volume = {{119}},
year = {{2022}},
}