Development of Human-Vehicle Interaction Models and Human-in-the-loop Evaluation Framework Considering Levels of Automated Driving
Hong, Sara LU
(2025)
- Abstract
- Human-Vehicle Interaction (HVI) evaluations encompass a wide range of aspects and typically follow a structured process from problem definition to conclusion. This research was motivated by two key challenges emerging from this process. First, there is a need to explain user behavior more comprehensively, going beyond mere system evaluation. Second, there is a consistent demand for a systematic human-in-the-loop experimental framework. For instance, methods for evaluating HVI using driving simulators often depend on lab-specific expertise and internal documentation. This dissertation explores two main themes reflecting the aforementioned challenges. The first theme is the development of an HVI model that explains driver behavior. This... (More)
- Human-Vehicle Interaction (HVI) evaluations encompass a wide range of aspects and typically follow a structured process from problem definition to conclusion. This research was motivated by two key challenges emerging from this process. First, there is a need to explain user behavior more comprehensively, going beyond mere system evaluation. Second, there is a consistent demand for a systematic human-in-the-loop experimental framework. For instance, methods for evaluating HVI using driving simulators often depend on lab-specific expertise and internal documentation. This dissertation explores two main themes reflecting the aforementioned challenges. The first theme is the development of an HVI model that explains driver behavior. This model was constructed by integrating human models from prior studies, including the skill-rule-knowledge model, the control hierarchy model, and the schematic view of the driving task, which incorporates the DDT portion outlined in SAE J3016. The resulting model captures the interactions between the driver (cognition, decision-making, planning, and control at various levels – skill, rule, and knowledge), the vehicle, and the environment during driving. This model was validated through two simulator studies. The first study focused on a rule-based HVI model, examining scenarios where Level 3 automated driving systems disengage and control is transferred back to human drivers. The second study extended the model to encompass skill-, rule-, and knowledge-based operations. It investigated whether drivers perceived lane-change tasks during traffic conflicts as skill-, rule-, or knowledge-based tasks, and explored the relationship between cognitive failures and traffic conflicts. The second theme is the development of a systematic Human-in-the-Loop evaluation process framework, designed for novice researchers utilizing driving simulators. This framework builds upon the evaluation methodology for safe takeovers established between 2017 and 2021, extending its applicability to a broader range of HVI issues. It encompasses the entire simulator evaluation process, including variable selection, experimental design, setup of the experimental environment, IRB review, data acquisition, and analysis. This framework was also validated through two simulator experiments. The first experiment, which involved general participants, employed a low-complexity setup to evaluate driver responses to hazardous situations during manual driving. The second experiment targeted expert participants and used a high-complexity setup to assess passenger emotions based on display configurations and seat rotation. The framework developed in this research ensures systematic and reproducible simulator evaluations, which not only deepen our understanding of driver behavior but also support the development of safer, more user-friendly vehicles. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/c301e902-ae94-4b85-b00b-c3b0d3047e7e
- author
- Hong, Sara
LU
- supervisor
- publishing date
- 2025-02
- type
- Thesis
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- HVI model, Driving simulator, Human-in-the-loop
- pages
- 184 pages
- publisher
- Kookmin University
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- no
- id
- c301e902-ae94-4b85-b00b-c3b0d3047e7e
- date added to LUP
- 2025-07-08 14:37:04
- date last changed
- 2025-08-22 10:06:17
@phdthesis{c301e902-ae94-4b85-b00b-c3b0d3047e7e,
abstract = {{Human-Vehicle Interaction (HVI) evaluations encompass a wide range of aspects and typically follow a structured process from problem definition to conclusion. This research was motivated by two key challenges emerging from this process. First, there is a need to explain user behavior more comprehensively, going beyond mere system evaluation. Second, there is a consistent demand for a systematic human-in-the-loop experimental framework. For instance, methods for evaluating HVI using driving simulators often depend on lab-specific expertise and internal documentation. This dissertation explores two main themes reflecting the aforementioned challenges. The first theme is the development of an HVI model that explains driver behavior. This model was constructed by integrating human models from prior studies, including the skill-rule-knowledge model, the control hierarchy model, and the schematic view of the driving task, which incorporates the DDT portion outlined in SAE J3016. The resulting model captures the interactions between the driver (cognition, decision-making, planning, and control at various levels – skill, rule, and knowledge), the vehicle, and the environment during driving. This model was validated through two simulator studies. The first study focused on a rule-based HVI model, examining scenarios where Level 3 automated driving systems disengage and control is transferred back to human drivers. The second study extended the model to encompass skill-, rule-, and knowledge-based operations. It investigated whether drivers perceived lane-change tasks during traffic conflicts as skill-, rule-, or knowledge-based tasks, and explored the relationship between cognitive failures and traffic conflicts. The second theme is the development of a systematic Human-in-the-Loop evaluation process framework, designed for novice researchers utilizing driving simulators. This framework builds upon the evaluation methodology for safe takeovers established between 2017 and 2021, extending its applicability to a broader range of HVI issues. It encompasses the entire simulator evaluation process, including variable selection, experimental design, setup of the experimental environment, IRB review, data acquisition, and analysis. This framework was also validated through two simulator experiments. The first experiment, which involved general participants, employed a low-complexity setup to evaluate driver responses to hazardous situations during manual driving. The second experiment targeted expert participants and used a high-complexity setup to assess passenger emotions based on display configurations and seat rotation. The framework developed in this research ensures systematic and reproducible simulator evaluations, which not only deepen our understanding of driver behavior but also support the development of safer, more user-friendly vehicles.}},
author = {{Hong, Sara}},
keywords = {{HVI model; Driving simulator; Human-in-the-loop}},
language = {{eng}},
publisher = {{Kookmin University}},
title = {{Development of Human-Vehicle Interaction Models and Human-in-the-loop Evaluation Framework Considering Levels of Automated Driving}},
year = {{2025}},
}