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No gadolinium K‐edge detected on the first clinical photon‐counting computed tomography scanner

Baubeta, Erik LU orcid ; Laurin Gadsböll, Eva LU ; Will, Leon LU ; Holmquist, Fredrik LU and Aurumskjöld, Marie‐louise LU (2024) In Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics p.1-7
Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to elucidate whether gadolinium contrast in clinically relevant doses can be used with photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) as an alternative contrast agent in clinical applications.

Material/methods
A CTDI phantom with 3D printed rods filled with different concentrations of gadolinium and iodine contrast was scanned in a PCCT and an energy-integrated computed tomography (EICT). Attenuation values at different monoenergetic steps were extracted for each contrast concentration.

Results
For PCCT, gadolinium reached an attenuation >100 HU (103 HU) at 40 keV with a concentration 5 mmol/L whereas the same level was reached at 50 keV (118 HU) for 10 mmol/L and 90 keV (114 HU) for 25... (More)
Purpose
This study aimed to elucidate whether gadolinium contrast in clinically relevant doses can be used with photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) as an alternative contrast agent in clinical applications.

Material/methods
A CTDI phantom with 3D printed rods filled with different concentrations of gadolinium and iodine contrast was scanned in a PCCT and an energy-integrated computed tomography (EICT). Attenuation values at different monoenergetic steps were extracted for each contrast concentration.

Results
For PCCT, gadolinium reached an attenuation >100 HU (103 HU) at 40 keV with a concentration 5 mmol/L whereas the same level was reached at 50 keV (118 HU) for 10 mmol/L and 90 keV (114 HU) for 25 mmol/L. For iodine, the same level of attenuation was reached at 100 keV (106 HU) with a concentration 8.75 mg I/mL.

For EICT the lowest gadolinium contrast concentration needed to reach >100 HU (108 HU) was 10 mmol/L at 50 keV. For 25 mmol/L 100 HU was reached at 100 keV. For iodine contrast 108 HU was reached at 110 keV for 8.75 mg I/mL.

Conclusion
No K-edge potential or difference in attenuation curves between iodine and gadolinium contrast is detected on the first clinical available PCCT. Clinically relevant attenuation levels were barely achieved in this setting with gadolinium concentrations approved for human use. The results of this study suggest that, given current scanning technology, gadolinium is not a clinically useful contrast agent for computed tomography because no K-edge was detected. (Less)
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author
; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
epub
subject
in
Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics
article number
e14324
pages
1 - 7
publisher
American College of Medical Physics
external identifiers
  • pmid:38470449
  • scopus:85187410880
ISSN
1526-9914
DOI
10.1002/acm2.14324
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
c3672398-bba7-40c8-bb01-33f73cda86ff
date added to LUP
2024-03-12 19:35:18
date last changed
2024-03-28 10:01:32
@article{c3672398-bba7-40c8-bb01-33f73cda86ff,
  abstract     = {{Purpose<br/>This study aimed to elucidate whether gadolinium contrast in clinically relevant doses can be used with photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) as an alternative contrast agent in clinical applications.<br/><br/>Material/methods<br/>A CTDI phantom with 3D printed rods filled with different concentrations of gadolinium and iodine contrast was scanned in a PCCT and an energy-integrated computed tomography (EICT). Attenuation values at different monoenergetic steps were extracted for each contrast concentration.<br/><br/>Results<br/>For PCCT, gadolinium reached an attenuation &gt;100 HU (103 HU) at 40 keV with a concentration 5 mmol/L whereas the same level was reached at 50 keV (118 HU) for 10 mmol/L and 90 keV (114 HU) for 25 mmol/L. For iodine, the same level of attenuation was reached at 100 keV (106 HU) with a concentration 8.75 mg I/mL.<br/><br/>For EICT the lowest gadolinium contrast concentration needed to reach &gt;100 HU (108 HU) was 10 mmol/L at 50 keV. For 25 mmol/L 100 HU was reached at 100 keV. For iodine contrast 108 HU was reached at 110 keV for 8.75 mg I/mL.<br/><br/>Conclusion<br/>No K-edge potential or difference in attenuation curves between iodine and gadolinium contrast is detected on the first clinical available PCCT. Clinically relevant attenuation levels were barely achieved in this setting with gadolinium concentrations approved for human use. The results of this study suggest that, given current scanning technology, gadolinium is not a clinically useful contrast agent for computed tomography because no K-edge was detected.}},
  author       = {{Baubeta, Erik and Laurin Gadsböll, Eva and Will, Leon and Holmquist, Fredrik and Aurumskjöld, Marie‐louise}},
  issn         = {{1526-9914}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{03}},
  pages        = {{1--7}},
  publisher    = {{American College of Medical Physics}},
  series       = {{Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics}},
  title        = {{No gadolinium K‐edge detected on the first clinical photon‐counting computed tomography scanner}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acm2.14324}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/acm2.14324}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}