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Characterisation of the warm-Jupiter TOI-1130 system with CHEOPS and a photo-dynamical approach

Borsato, L. ; Davies, M.B. LU ; Korth, J. LU and Wolter, D. (2024) In Astronomy and Astrophysics 689.
Abstract
Context. Among the thousands of exoplanets discovered to date, approximately a few hundred gas giants on short-period orbits are classified as 'lonely'and only a few are in a multi-planet system with a smaller companion on a close orbit. The processes that formed multi-planet systems hosting gas giants on close orbits are poorly understood, and only a few examples of this kind of system have been observed and well characterised. Aims. Within the contest of a multi-planet system hosting a gas giant on short orbits, we characterise the TOI-1130 system by measuring masses and orbital parameters. This is a two-transiting planet system with a Jupiter-like planet (c) on a 8.35 days orbit and a Neptune-like planet (b) on an inner (4.07 days)... (More)
Context. Among the thousands of exoplanets discovered to date, approximately a few hundred gas giants on short-period orbits are classified as 'lonely'and only a few are in a multi-planet system with a smaller companion on a close orbit. The processes that formed multi-planet systems hosting gas giants on close orbits are poorly understood, and only a few examples of this kind of system have been observed and well characterised. Aims. Within the contest of a multi-planet system hosting a gas giant on short orbits, we characterise the TOI-1130 system by measuring masses and orbital parameters. This is a two-transiting planet system with a Jupiter-like planet (c) on a 8.35 days orbit and a Neptune-like planet (b) on an inner (4.07 days) orbit. Both planets show strong anti-correlated transit timing variations (TTVs). Furthermore, radial velocity (RV) analysis showed an additional linear trend, a possible hint of a non-transiting candidate planet on a far outer orbit. Methods. Since 2019, extensive transit and radial velocity observations of the TOI-1130 have been acquired using TESS and various ground-based facilities. We present a new photo-dynamical analysis of all available transit and RV data, with the addition of new CHEOPS and ASTEP+ data, which achieve the best precision to date on the planetary radii and masses and on the timings of each transit. Results. We were able to model interior structure of planet b constraining the presence of a gaseous envelope of H/He, while it was not possible to assess the possible water content. Furthermore, we analysed the resonant state of the two transiting planets, and we found that they lie just outside the resonant region. This could be the result of the tidal evolution that the system underwent. We obtained both masses of the planets with a precision of less than 1.5%, and radii with a precision of about 1% and 3% for planet b and c, respectively. © The Authors 2024. (Less)
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Contribution to journal
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keywords
Methods: data analysis, Methods: observational, Planetary systems, Techniques: photometric, Telescopes, Interplanetary flight, Space telescopes, Tropics, Dynamical approaches, Exo-planets, Gas giant, Jupiters, Methods. Data analysis, Methods:observational, Planetary system, Radial velocity, Transit velocities, Exoplanets
in
Astronomy and Astrophysics
volume
689
article number
A52
publisher
EDP Sciences
external identifiers
  • scopus:85203103961
ISSN
0004-6361
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/202450974
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
cc392450-ca8f-4ca4-801b-22b424900a41
date added to LUP
2024-12-18 09:27:15
date last changed
2025-04-04 14:08:25
@article{cc392450-ca8f-4ca4-801b-22b424900a41,
  abstract     = {{Context. Among the thousands of exoplanets discovered to date, approximately a few hundred gas giants on short-period orbits are classified as 'lonely'and only a few are in a multi-planet system with a smaller companion on a close orbit. The processes that formed multi-planet systems hosting gas giants on close orbits are poorly understood, and only a few examples of this kind of system have been observed and well characterised. Aims. Within the contest of a multi-planet system hosting a gas giant on short orbits, we characterise the TOI-1130 system by measuring masses and orbital parameters. This is a two-transiting planet system with a Jupiter-like planet (c) on a 8.35 days orbit and a Neptune-like planet (b) on an inner (4.07 days) orbit. Both planets show strong anti-correlated transit timing variations (TTVs). Furthermore, radial velocity (RV) analysis showed an additional linear trend, a possible hint of a non-transiting candidate planet on a far outer orbit. Methods. Since 2019, extensive transit and radial velocity observations of the TOI-1130 have been acquired using TESS and various ground-based facilities. We present a new photo-dynamical analysis of all available transit and RV data, with the addition of new CHEOPS and ASTEP+ data, which achieve the best precision to date on the planetary radii and masses and on the timings of each transit. Results. We were able to model interior structure of planet b constraining the presence of a gaseous envelope of H/He, while it was not possible to assess the possible water content. Furthermore, we analysed the resonant state of the two transiting planets, and we found that they lie just outside the resonant region. This could be the result of the tidal evolution that the system underwent. We obtained both masses of the planets with a precision of less than 1.5%, and radii with a precision of about 1% and 3% for planet b and c, respectively. © The Authors 2024.}},
  author       = {{Borsato, L. and Davies, M.B. and Korth, J. and Wolter, D.}},
  issn         = {{0004-6361}},
  keywords     = {{Methods: data analysis; Methods: observational; Planetary systems; Techniques: photometric; Telescopes; Interplanetary flight; Space telescopes; Tropics; Dynamical approaches; Exo-planets; Gas giant; Jupiters; Methods. Data analysis; Methods:observational; Planetary system; Radial velocity; Transit velocities; Exoplanets}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{EDP Sciences}},
  series       = {{Astronomy and Astrophysics}},
  title        = {{Characterisation of the warm-Jupiter TOI-1130 system with CHEOPS and a photo-dynamical approach}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450974}},
  doi          = {{10.1051/0004-6361/202450974}},
  volume       = {{689}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}