Proposed Thalmann algorithm air diving decompression table for the Swedish Armed Forces
(2023) In Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc 50(2). p.67-83- Abstract
The Swedish Armed Forces (SwAF) air dive tables are under revision. Currently, the air dive table from the U.S. Navy (USN) Diving Manual (DM) Rev. 6 is used with an msw-to-fsw conversion. Since 2017, the USN has been diving according to USN DM rev. 7, which incorporates updated air dive tables derived from the Thalmann Exponential Linear Decompression Algorithm (EL-DCM) with VVAL79 parameters. The SwAF decided to replicate and analyze the USN table development methodology before revising their current tables. The ambition was to potentially find a table that correlates with the desired risk of decompression sickness. New compartmental parameters for the EL-DCM algorithm, called SWEN21B, were developed by applying maximum likelihood... (More)
The Swedish Armed Forces (SwAF) air dive tables are under revision. Currently, the air dive table from the U.S. Navy (USN) Diving Manual (DM) Rev. 6 is used with an msw-to-fsw conversion. Since 2017, the USN has been diving according to USN DM rev. 7, which incorporates updated air dive tables derived from the Thalmann Exponential Linear Decompression Algorithm (EL-DCM) with VVAL79 parameters. The SwAF decided to replicate and analyze the USN table development methodology before revising their current tables. The ambition was to potentially find a table that correlates with the desired risk of decompression sickness. New compartmental parameters for the EL-DCM algorithm, called SWEN21B, were developed by applying maximum likelihood methods on 2,953 scientifically controlled direct ascent air dives with known outcomes of decompression sickness (DCS). The targeted probability of DCS for direct ascent air dives was ≤1% overall and ≤1‰ for neurological DCS (CNS-DCS). One hundred fifty-four wet validation dives were performed with air between 18 to 57 msw. Both direct ascent and decompression stop dives were conducted, resulting in incidences of two joint pain DCS (18 msw/59 minutes), one leg numbness CNS-DCS (51 msw/10 minutes with deco-stop), and nine marginal DCS cases, such as rashes and itching. A total of three DCS incidences, including one CNS-DCS, yield a predicted risk level (95% confidence interval) of 0.4-5.6% for DCS and 0.0-3.6% for CNS-DCS. Two out of three divers with DCS had patent foramen ovale. The SWEN21 table is recommended for the SwAF for air diving as it, after results from validation dives, suggests being within the desired risk levels for DCS and CNS-DCS.
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- author
- Silvanius, Mårten ; Rullgård, Hans ; Eckström, Magnus and Frånberg, Oskar LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2023-04
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- decompression sickness, decompression tables, deterministic modeling, diving research, military diving, probabilistic modeling
- in
- Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc
- volume
- 50
- issue
- 2
- pages
- 17 pages
- publisher
- Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society
- external identifiers
-
- pmid:37302072
- scopus:85161674727
- ISSN
- 1066-2936
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- d7ead3d1-a7bd-406c-b6b2-272997ea811a
- date added to LUP
- 2023-09-20 14:32:09
- date last changed
- 2024-04-19 01:29:23
@article{d7ead3d1-a7bd-406c-b6b2-272997ea811a,
abstract = {{<p>The Swedish Armed Forces (SwAF) air dive tables are under revision. Currently, the air dive table from the U.S. Navy (USN) Diving Manual (DM) Rev. 6 is used with an msw-to-fsw conversion. Since 2017, the USN has been diving according to USN DM rev. 7, which incorporates updated air dive tables derived from the Thalmann Exponential Linear Decompression Algorithm (EL-DCM) with VVAL79 parameters. The SwAF decided to replicate and analyze the USN table development methodology before revising their current tables. The ambition was to potentially find a table that correlates with the desired risk of decompression sickness. New compartmental parameters for the EL-DCM algorithm, called SWEN21B, were developed by applying maximum likelihood methods on 2,953 scientifically controlled direct ascent air dives with known outcomes of decompression sickness (DCS). The targeted probability of DCS for direct ascent air dives was ≤1% overall and ≤1‰ for neurological DCS (CNS-DCS). One hundred fifty-four wet validation dives were performed with air between 18 to 57 msw. Both direct ascent and decompression stop dives were conducted, resulting in incidences of two joint pain DCS (18 msw/59 minutes), one leg numbness CNS-DCS (51 msw/10 minutes with deco-stop), and nine marginal DCS cases, such as rashes and itching. A total of three DCS incidences, including one CNS-DCS, yield a predicted risk level (95% confidence interval) of 0.4-5.6% for DCS and 0.0-3.6% for CNS-DCS. Two out of three divers with DCS had patent foramen ovale. The SWEN21 table is recommended for the SwAF for air diving as it, after results from validation dives, suggests being within the desired risk levels for DCS and CNS-DCS.</p>}},
author = {{Silvanius, Mårten and Rullgård, Hans and Eckström, Magnus and Frånberg, Oskar}},
issn = {{1066-2936}},
keywords = {{decompression sickness; decompression tables; deterministic modeling; diving research; military diving; probabilistic modeling}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{2}},
pages = {{67--83}},
publisher = {{Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society}},
series = {{Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc}},
title = {{Proposed Thalmann algorithm air diving decompression table for the Swedish Armed Forces}},
volume = {{50}},
year = {{2023}},
}