Environmental Profile and Technological Validation of New High-Tg Unsaturated Polyesters from Fully Bio-Based Monomers and Reactive Diluents
Suriano, Raffaella ; Gonzalez, Maria Nelly Garcia LU
and Turri, Stefano
(2021)
In Journal of Polymers and the Environment
29(4).
p.1122-1133
- Abstract
This study was focused on the synthesis and characterization of a fully bio-based unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) with good thermal properties suitable for the commercial production of composite polymers. UPRs based on different ratios of bio-based furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA), itaconic acid, and diols were synthesized. The unsaturated polymers prepared were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The results showed positive effects of FDCA on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of these fully bio-based polyesters, especially when FDCA was combined with 1,2-propanediol. Optimal values of Tg were obtained in the range of 30–32 °C... (More)
This study was focused on the synthesis and characterization of a fully bio-based unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) with good thermal properties suitable for the commercial production of composite polymers. UPRs based on different ratios of bio-based furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA), itaconic acid, and diols were synthesized. The unsaturated polymers prepared were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The results showed positive effects of FDCA on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of these fully bio-based polyesters, especially when FDCA was combined with 1,2-propanediol. Optimal values of Tg were obtained in the range of 30–32 °C for UPRs synthesized starting with a higher concentration of FDCA in the monomer feed. The possibility of substituting styrene, which usually acts as a reactive diluent, with a greener and safer alternative during the crosslinking of UPRs, was also explored. Two bio-based reactive diluents were considered: dimethyl itaconate (DMI) and butanediol dimethacrylate. After crosslinking, an average Tg of 75 °C and a good crosslinking efficiency indicated by a gel content of 90% were achieved for the fully bio-based polyester obtained under milder reaction conditions and dilution with DMI. Life cycle assessment was performed on selected UPRs, and comparison with a reference fossil-based resin in terms of the calculated category indicator results confirmed the lower environmental impact of the newly prepared bio-based polyesters.
(Less)
- author
- Suriano, Raffaella
; Gonzalez, Maria Nelly Garcia
LU
and Turri, Stefano
- organization
- publishing date
- 2021
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Bio-based resins, Environmental impact, Greenhouse gas emissions, Reactive diluents, Unsaturated polyesters
- in
- Journal of Polymers and the Environment
- volume
- 29
- issue
- 4
- pages
- 1122 - 1133
- publisher
- Springer
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85094839258
- ISSN
- 1566-2543
- DOI
- 10.1007/s10924-020-01928-z
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- d80645c1-7dc6-4251-b6b3-53952f003d40
- date added to LUP
- 2020-11-23 08:28:44
- date last changed
- 2022-04-26 21:59:54
@article{d80645c1-7dc6-4251-b6b3-53952f003d40,
abstract = {{<p>This study was focused on the synthesis and characterization of a fully bio-based unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) with good thermal properties suitable for the commercial production of composite polymers. UPRs based on different ratios of bio-based furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA), itaconic acid, and diols were synthesized. The unsaturated polymers prepared were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, FTIR and <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectroscopy. The results showed positive effects of FDCA on the glass transition temperature (T<sub>g</sub>) of these fully bio-based polyesters, especially when FDCA was combined with 1,2-propanediol. Optimal values of T<sub>g</sub> were obtained in the range of 30–32 °C for UPRs synthesized starting with a higher concentration of FDCA in the monomer feed. The possibility of substituting styrene, which usually acts as a reactive diluent, with a greener and safer alternative during the crosslinking of UPRs, was also explored. Two bio-based reactive diluents were considered: dimethyl itaconate (DMI) and butanediol dimethacrylate. After crosslinking, an average T<sub>g</sub> of 75 °C and a good crosslinking efficiency indicated by a gel content of 90% were achieved for the fully bio-based polyester obtained under milder reaction conditions and dilution with DMI. Life cycle assessment was performed on selected UPRs, and comparison with a reference fossil-based resin in terms of the calculated category indicator results confirmed the lower environmental impact of the newly prepared bio-based polyesters.</p>}},
author = {{Suriano, Raffaella and Gonzalez, Maria Nelly Garcia and Turri, Stefano}},
issn = {{1566-2543}},
keywords = {{Bio-based resins; Environmental impact; Greenhouse gas emissions; Reactive diluents; Unsaturated polyesters}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{4}},
pages = {{1122--1133}},
publisher = {{Springer}},
series = {{Journal of Polymers and the Environment}},
title = {{Environmental Profile and Technological Validation of New High-Tg Unsaturated Polyesters from Fully Bio-Based Monomers and Reactive Diluents}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10924-020-01928-z}},
doi = {{10.1007/s10924-020-01928-z}},
volume = {{29}},
year = {{2021}},
}