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Remediation of synthetic greywater in mesocosm—Scale floating treatment wetlands

Abed, Suhail N. ; Almuktar, Suhad A. and Scholz, Miklas LU (2017) In Ecological Engineering 102. p.303-319
Abstract

Two different chemical recipes comprising various pollutants were selected to create high (HC) and low (LC) levels of contaminated synthetic greywaters (SGW). Remediation in macrocosm–scale floating treatment wetlands (FTW) vegetated with Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (common reed) was investigated under natural weather conditions. The presence or absence of vegetation, short or long contact time of treatment, and low or high contamination loads are the main operational variables in the experimental set-up design of the FTW. The focus on removal processes (other than sedimentation) such as the role of macrophytes in phytoremediation was achieved by agitation of the treated outflow before sampling. To assess the impact of... (More)

Two different chemical recipes comprising various pollutants were selected to create high (HC) and low (LC) levels of contaminated synthetic greywaters (SGW). Remediation in macrocosm–scale floating treatment wetlands (FTW) vegetated with Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (common reed) was investigated under natural weather conditions. The presence or absence of vegetation, short or long contact time of treatment, and low or high contamination loads are the main operational variables in the experimental set-up design of the FTW. The focus on removal processes (other than sedimentation) such as the role of macrophytes in phytoremediation was achieved by agitation of the treated outflow before sampling. To assess the impact of interactions between the experimental operational variables on removal performances of FTW, different approaches of statistical analysis were applied. The results revealed that total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity values dropped significantly (p < 0.05) in the presence of vegetation compared with those values from unvegetated wetlands. The presence of vegetation can significantly (p < 0.05) improve the biodegradation possibility of greywater by increasing the five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and decreasing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations. In vegetated FTW, higher removal rates of COD can be achieved when treating HC-SGS compared to LC-SGW. However, no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the removal of BOD was noted. Significant increases (p < 0.05) in BOD concentrations have been recorded with increasing contact time of treatment, while high removals of COD have been recorded. The presence of vegetation in wetlands affected significantly (p < 0.05) the decrease of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in outflow of both types of greywater. If limited sources of organic matter are available, vegetation has significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the nutrient balance with increasing nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) and decreasing ortho-phosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P) concentrations in the outflow. Furthermore, significant increases (p < 0.05) in ammonia-nitrogen (NH4-N) and DO were observed with increasing contact time, while TSS, turbidity, and NO3-N concentrations significantly decreased (p < 0.05). In addition, yellow leaves and considerably lower growth rates were observed for the hydroponic plant rhizomes of P. australis, which might be an effect of light-induced fluorescein degradation due to the relatively open water surfaces of the wetlands.

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publication status
published
subject
keywords
Biodegradation, Contamination load, Ecotechnology, Floating treatment wetland, Nutrient balance, Phragmites australis
in
Ecological Engineering
volume
102
pages
17 pages
publisher
Elsevier
external identifiers
  • scopus:85013758535
  • wos:000399623700032
ISSN
0925-8574
DOI
10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.01.043
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
d8f696d6-54c6-4212-a61d-2c601ed70c69
date added to LUP
2017-03-08 08:37:01
date last changed
2024-11-26 06:27:32
@article{d8f696d6-54c6-4212-a61d-2c601ed70c69,
  abstract     = {{<p>Two different chemical recipes comprising various pollutants were selected to create high (HC) and low (LC) levels of contaminated synthetic greywaters (SGW). Remediation in macrocosm–scale floating treatment wetlands (FTW) vegetated with Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (common reed) was investigated under natural weather conditions. The presence or absence of vegetation, short or long contact time of treatment, and low or high contamination loads are the main operational variables in the experimental set-up design of the FTW. The focus on removal processes (other than sedimentation) such as the role of macrophytes in phytoremediation was achieved by agitation of the treated outflow before sampling. To assess the impact of interactions between the experimental operational variables on removal performances of FTW, different approaches of statistical analysis were applied. The results revealed that total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity values dropped significantly (p &lt; 0.05) in the presence of vegetation compared with those values from unvegetated wetlands. The presence of vegetation can significantly (p &lt; 0.05) improve the biodegradation possibility of greywater by increasing the five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and decreasing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations. In vegetated FTW, higher removal rates of COD can be achieved when treating HC-SGS compared to LC-SGW. However, no significant differences (p &gt; 0.05) in the removal of BOD was noted. Significant increases (p &lt; 0.05) in BOD concentrations have been recorded with increasing contact time of treatment, while high removals of COD have been recorded. The presence of vegetation in wetlands affected significantly (p &lt; 0.05) the decrease of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in outflow of both types of greywater. If limited sources of organic matter are available, vegetation has significantly (p &lt; 0.05) enhanced the nutrient balance with increasing nitrate-nitrogen (NO<sub>3</sub>-N) and decreasing ortho-phosphate-phosphorus (PO<sub>4</sub>-P) concentrations in the outflow. Furthermore, significant increases (p &lt; 0.05) in ammonia-nitrogen (NH<sub>4</sub>-N) and DO were observed with increasing contact time, while TSS, turbidity, and NO<sub>3</sub>-N concentrations significantly decreased (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, yellow leaves and considerably lower growth rates were observed for the hydroponic plant rhizomes of P. australis, which might be an effect of light-induced fluorescein degradation due to the relatively open water surfaces of the wetlands.</p>}},
  author       = {{Abed, Suhail N. and Almuktar, Suhad A. and Scholz, Miklas}},
  issn         = {{0925-8574}},
  keywords     = {{Biodegradation; Contamination load; Ecotechnology; Floating treatment wetland; Nutrient balance; Phragmites australis}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{05}},
  pages        = {{303--319}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  series       = {{Ecological Engineering}},
  title        = {{Remediation of synthetic greywater in mesocosm—Scale floating treatment wetlands}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.01.043}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.01.043}},
  volume       = {{102}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}