The chronic stress risk phenotype mirrored in the human retina as a neurodegenerative condition
Malan, Leoné ; van Wyk, Roelof ; von Känel, Roland ; Ziemssen, Tjalf ; Vilser, Walthard ; Nilsson, Peter M LU ; Magnusson, Martin LU
; Jujic, Amra
LU
; Mak, Daniel
and Steyn, Faans
, et al.
(2023)
In Stress
26(1).
- Abstract
The brain is the key organ that orchestrates the stress response which translates to the retina. The retina is an extension of the brain and retinal symptoms in subjects with neurodegenerative diseases substantiated the eye as a window to the brain. The retina is used in this study to determine whether chronic stress reflects neurodegenerative signs indicative of neurodegenerative conditions. A 3-year prospective cohort (n = 333; aged 46 ± 9 years) was stratified into stress-phenotype cases (n = 212) and controls (n = 121) by applying the Malan stress-phenotype index. Neurodegenerative risk markers included ischemia (astrocytic S100 calcium-binding protein B/S100B); 24h blood pressure, proteomics; inflammation... (More)
The brain is the key organ that orchestrates the stress response which translates to the retina. The retina is an extension of the brain and retinal symptoms in subjects with neurodegenerative diseases substantiated the eye as a window to the brain. The retina is used in this study to determine whether chronic stress reflects neurodegenerative signs indicative of neurodegenerative conditions. A 3-year prospective cohort (n = 333; aged 46 ± 9 years) was stratified into stress-phenotype cases (n = 212) and controls (n = 121) by applying the Malan stress-phenotype index. Neurodegenerative risk markers included ischemia (astrocytic S100 calcium-binding protein B/S100B); 24h blood pressure, proteomics; inflammation (tumor-necrosis-factor-α/TNF-α); neuronal damage (neuron-specific-enolase); anti-apoptosis of retinal-ganglion-cells (beta-nerve-growth-factor), astrocytic activity (glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein); hematocrit (viscosity) and retinal follow-up data [vessels; stress-optic-neuropathy]. Stress-optic-neuropathy risk was calculated from two indices: a newly derived diastolic-ocular-perfusion-pressure cut-point ≥68 mmHg relating to the stress-phenotype; combined with an established cup-to-disc ratio cut-point ≥0.3. Higher stress-optic-neuropathy (39% vs. 17%) and hypertension (73% vs. 16%) prevalence was observed in the stress-phenotype cases vs. controls. Elevated diastolic-ocular-perfusion-pressure, indicating hypoperfusion, was related to arterial narrowing and trend for ischemia increases in the stress-phenotype. Ischemia in the stress-phenotype at baseline, follow-up and 3-yr changes was related to consistent inflammation (TNF-α and cytokine-interleukin-17-receptor-A), neuron-specific-enolase increases, consistent apoptosis (chitinase 3-like-1, low beta-nerve-growth-factor), glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein decreases, elevated viscosity, vein widening as risk marker of endothelial dysfunction in the blood-retinal-barrier, lower vein count, and elevated stress-optic-neuropathy. The stress-phenotype and related neurodegenerative signs of ongoing brain ischemia, apoptosis and endothelial dysfunction compromised blood-retinal-barrier permeability and optic nerve integrity. In fact, the stress-phenotype could identify persons at high risk of neurodegeneration to indicate a neurodegenerative condition.
(Less)
- author
- Malan, Leoné
; van Wyk, Roelof
; von Känel, Roland
; Ziemssen, Tjalf
; Vilser, Walthard
; Nilsson, Peter M
LU
; Magnusson, Martin
LU
; Jujic, Amra
LU
; Mak, Daniel
and Steyn, Faans
, et al. (More)
- Malan, Leoné
; van Wyk, Roelof
; von Känel, Roland
; Ziemssen, Tjalf
; Vilser, Walthard
; Nilsson, Peter M
LU
; Magnusson, Martin
LU
; Jujic, Amra
LU
; Mak, Daniel
; Steyn, Faans
and Malan, Nico T
(Less)
- organization
- publishing date
- 2023-05-08
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Chronic Stress-phenotype, Blood-Retinal-Barrier, Neurodegeneration, Optic-neuropathy, Proteomics, S100B, ß-NGF
- in
- Stress
- volume
- 26
- issue
- 1
- pages
- 43 pages
- publisher
- Taylor & Francis
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85160968489
- pmid:37154816
- ISSN
- 1607-8888
- DOI
- 10.1080/10253890.2023.2210687
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- e09ecc6d-95f9-43c4-8deb-994015add05f
- date added to LUP
- 2023-05-09 11:15:48
- date last changed
- 2024-11-02 17:24:01
@article{e09ecc6d-95f9-43c4-8deb-994015add05f,
abstract = {{<p>The brain is the key organ that orchestrates the stress response which translates to the retina. The retina is an extension of the brain and retinal symptoms in subjects with neurodegenerative diseases substantiated the eye as a window to the brain. The retina is used in this study to determine whether chronic stress reflects neurodegenerative signs indicative of neurodegenerative conditions. A 3-year prospective cohort (n = 333; aged 46 ± 9 years) was stratified into stress-phenotype cases (n = 212) and controls (n = 121) by applying the Malan stress-phenotype index. Neurodegenerative risk markers included ischemia (astrocytic S100 calcium-binding protein B/S100B); 24h blood pressure, proteomics; inflammation (tumor-necrosis-factor-α/TNF-α); neuronal damage (neuron-specific-enolase); anti-apoptosis of retinal-ganglion-cells (beta-nerve-growth-factor), astrocytic activity (glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein); hematocrit (viscosity) and retinal follow-up data [vessels; stress-optic-neuropathy]. Stress-optic-neuropathy risk was calculated from two indices: a newly derived diastolic-ocular-perfusion-pressure cut-point ≥68 mmHg relating to the stress-phenotype; combined with an established cup-to-disc ratio cut-point ≥0.3. Higher stress-optic-neuropathy (39% vs. 17%) and hypertension (73% vs. 16%) prevalence was observed in the stress-phenotype cases vs. controls. Elevated diastolic-ocular-perfusion-pressure, indicating hypoperfusion, was related to arterial narrowing and trend for ischemia increases in the stress-phenotype. Ischemia in the stress-phenotype at baseline, follow-up and 3-yr changes was related to consistent inflammation (TNF-α and cytokine-interleukin-17-receptor-A), neuron-specific-enolase increases, consistent apoptosis (chitinase 3-like-1, low beta-nerve-growth-factor), glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein decreases, elevated viscosity, vein widening as risk marker of endothelial dysfunction in the blood-retinal-barrier, lower vein count, and elevated stress-optic-neuropathy. The stress-phenotype and related neurodegenerative signs of ongoing brain ischemia, apoptosis and endothelial dysfunction compromised blood-retinal-barrier permeability and optic nerve integrity. In fact, the stress-phenotype could identify persons at high risk of neurodegeneration to indicate a neurodegenerative condition.</p>}},
author = {{Malan, Leoné and van Wyk, Roelof and von Känel, Roland and Ziemssen, Tjalf and Vilser, Walthard and Nilsson, Peter M and Magnusson, Martin and Jujic, Amra and Mak, Daniel and Steyn, Faans and Malan, Nico T}},
issn = {{1607-8888}},
keywords = {{Chronic Stress-phenotype; Blood-Retinal-Barrier; Neurodegeneration; Optic-neuropathy; Proteomics; S100B; ß-NGF}},
language = {{eng}},
month = {{05}},
number = {{1}},
publisher = {{Taylor & Francis}},
series = {{Stress}},
title = {{The chronic stress risk phenotype mirrored in the human retina as a neurodegenerative condition}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10253890.2023.2210687}},
doi = {{10.1080/10253890.2023.2210687}},
volume = {{26}},
year = {{2023}},
}