Mechanically robust cationic cellulose nanofibril 3D scaffolds with tuneable biomimetic porosity for cell culture
Courtenay, James C. ; Filgueiras, Jefferson G. ; Ribeiro deAzevedo, Eduardo ; Jin, Yun ; Edler, Karen J. LU
; Sharma, Ram I.
and Scott, Janet L.
(2019)
In Journal of Materials Chemistry B
7(1).
p.53-64
- Abstract
3D foam scaffolds were produced in a "bottom-up" approach from lyophilised cationic cellulose nanofibril (CCNF) dispersions and emulsions (CCNF degree of substitution 23.0 ± 0.9%), using a directional freezing/lyophilisation approach, producing internal architectures ranging from aligned smooth walled micro channels, mimicking vascularised tissue, to pumice-like wall textures, reminiscent of porous bone. The open, highly porous architecture of these biomimetic scaffolds included mesopores within the walls of the channels. A combination of SEM and NMR cryoporometry and relaxometry was used to determine the porosity at different length scales: CCNF foams with aligned channels had an average macropore (channel)... (More)
3D foam scaffolds were produced in a "bottom-up" approach from lyophilised cationic cellulose nanofibril (CCNF) dispersions and emulsions (CCNF degree of substitution 23.0 ± 0.9%), using a directional freezing/lyophilisation approach, producing internal architectures ranging from aligned smooth walled micro channels, mimicking vascularised tissue, to pumice-like wall textures, reminiscent of porous bone. The open, highly porous architecture of these biomimetic scaffolds included mesopores within the walls of the channels. A combination of SEM and NMR cryoporometry and relaxometry was used to determine the porosity at different length scales: CCNF foams with aligned channels had an average macropore (channel) size of 35 ± 9 μm and a mesopore (wall) diameter of 26 ± 2 nm, while CCNF foams produced from directional freezing and lyophilisation of Pickering emulsions had mesoporous walls (5 ± 3 μm) in addition to channels (54 ± 20 μm). Glyoxal crosslinking both enhanced robustness and stiffness, giving Young's moduli of 0.45 to 50.75 MPa for CCNF foams with degrees of crosslinking from 0 to 3.04 mol%. Porosity and channels are critical scaffold design elements for transport of nutrients and waste products, as well as O2 /CO2 exchange. The viability of MG-63 cells was enhanced on crosslinked, mechanically stiff scaffolds, indicating that these exquisitely structured, yet robust, foams could provide biomaterial scaffolds suitable for industrial applications requiring 3D cell culturing.
(Less)
- author
- Courtenay, James C.
; Filgueiras, Jefferson G.
; Ribeiro deAzevedo, Eduardo
; Jin, Yun
; Edler, Karen J.
LU
; Sharma, Ram I.
and Scott, Janet L.
- publishing date
- 2019
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- in
- Journal of Materials Chemistry B
- volume
- 7
- issue
- 1
- pages
- 12 pages
- publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry
- external identifiers
-
- pmid:32254950
- scopus:85058893516
- ISSN
- 2050-7518
- DOI
- 10.1039/c8tb02482k
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- no
- additional info
- Publisher Copyright: © 2019 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
- id
- ee0bded2-5e46-4985-87dd-2931643e80e0
- date added to LUP
- 2023-01-18 09:07:27
- date last changed
- 2024-04-04 07:56:20
@article{ee0bded2-5e46-4985-87dd-2931643e80e0,
abstract = {{<p> 3D foam scaffolds were produced in a "bottom-up" approach from lyophilised cationic cellulose nanofibril (CCNF) dispersions and emulsions (CCNF degree of substitution 23.0 ± 0.9%), using a directional freezing/lyophilisation approach, producing internal architectures ranging from aligned smooth walled micro channels, mimicking vascularised tissue, to pumice-like wall textures, reminiscent of porous bone. The open, highly porous architecture of these biomimetic scaffolds included mesopores within the walls of the channels. A combination of SEM and NMR cryoporometry and relaxometry was used to determine the porosity at different length scales: CCNF foams with aligned channels had an average macropore (channel) size of 35 ± 9 μm and a mesopore (wall) diameter of 26 ± 2 nm, while CCNF foams produced from directional freezing and lyophilisation of Pickering emulsions had mesoporous walls (5 ± 3 μm) in addition to channels (54 ± 20 μm). Glyoxal crosslinking both enhanced robustness and stiffness, giving Young's moduli of 0.45 to 50.75 MPa for CCNF foams with degrees of crosslinking from 0 to 3.04 mol%. Porosity and channels are critical scaffold design elements for transport of nutrients and waste products, as well as O<sub>2</sub> /CO<sub>2</sub> exchange. The viability of MG-63 cells was enhanced on crosslinked, mechanically stiff scaffolds, indicating that these exquisitely structured, yet robust, foams could provide biomaterial scaffolds suitable for industrial applications requiring 3D cell culturing.</p>}},
author = {{Courtenay, James C. and Filgueiras, Jefferson G. and Ribeiro deAzevedo, Eduardo and Jin, Yun and Edler, Karen J. and Sharma, Ram I. and Scott, Janet L.}},
issn = {{2050-7518}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{1}},
pages = {{53--64}},
publisher = {{Royal Society of Chemistry}},
series = {{Journal of Materials Chemistry B}},
title = {{Mechanically robust cationic cellulose nanofibril 3D scaffolds with tuneable biomimetic porosity for cell culture}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tb02482k}},
doi = {{10.1039/c8tb02482k}},
volume = {{7}},
year = {{2019}},
}