Scaphoid Fractures - epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment.
(2015) In Lund University Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series- Abstract
- Abstract The scaphoid is the most commonly fractured carpal bone. The diagnosis is difficult and untreated the
long-term results are poor. Approximately 10% do not unite even if they are treated properly. The aim of this thesis
was to study scaphoid fracture epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. During a four-year period (2004-03-01 to
2008-02-28) all patients attending the Emergency Department at Skåne University Hospital in Malmö, due to
posttraumatic radial sided wrist pain, were invited to participate in a scaphoid fracture study. The basis for this thesis
consists of the 526 patients (531 wrists) who accepted to participate. First we assessed the diagnostic performance
of... (More) - Abstract The scaphoid is the most commonly fractured carpal bone. The diagnosis is difficult and untreated the
long-term results are poor. Approximately 10% do not unite even if they are treated properly. The aim of this thesis
was to study scaphoid fracture epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. During a four-year period (2004-03-01 to
2008-02-28) all patients attending the Emergency Department at Skåne University Hospital in Malmö, due to
posttraumatic radial sided wrist pain, were invited to participate in a scaphoid fracture study. The basis for this thesis
consists of the 526 patients (531 wrists) who accepted to participate. First we assessed the diagnostic performance
of radiographs and CT with MRI as the reference standard. In paediatric patients (<18 years) fracture patterns were
studied in relation to skeletal maturity. Using arthroscopy we aimed at identifying factors, which could contribute
to prolonged union or non-union of scaphoid fractures. Finally, we evaluated time-to-union of scaphoid waist
fractures treated conservatively or by arthroscopy-assisted surgery. In the two diagnostic studies on adults and
paediatric patients (paper I-II) 390 wrists were enrolled for MRI investigation. We were able to show that
radiographs and CT scans are less sensitive in diagnosing carpal fractures compared to MRI. In particular
radiographs in paediatric patients had a poor sensitivity when diagnosing carpal fractures; however, CT had a good
sensitivity in finding scaphoid fractures regardless of patient age. We found more concomitant fractures than
previously described, and the most common carpal fracture combination was that of the scaphoid and the capitate.
Skeletal immature patients had a higher proportion of distal scaphoid fractures compared to the skeletal mature. In
the descriptive study using arthroscopy (paper III) 41 scaphoid waist fractures were included. We found, that
scapholunate ligament injuries were common with a complete rupture in 24% of the patients. Paper IV is a joint
venture with Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. In 58 scaphoid fractures we were able to show, that
radiographic fracture comminution was strongly correlated to displacement and instability as judged by arthroscopy.
Scapholunate ligament injuries and fracture comminution may be of importance when deciding on treatment of
scaphoid fractures. Time-to-union based on CT was assessed in 65 scaphoid waist fractures in paper V. Of the nonor
minimally-displaced fractures 90% united after six weeks of conservative treatment. In a randomized subgroup
of non-displaced fractures we were not able to show any difference in time-to-union between conservatively and
surgically treated patients. The present thesis shows, that MRI is superior in diagnosing carpal fractures in adults
and children. Furthermore we found, that concomitant carpal fractures and ligament injuries are common in
patients with scaphoid fractures. Radial fracture comminution is strongly correlated to fracture instability. Finally
we recognized, that non- or minimally-displaced scaphoid waist fractures are best treated in a cast. (Less) - Abstract (Swedish)
- Popular Abstract in Swedish
Båtbenet är ett lite ben i handloven som är väsentlig för handledens funktion. Båtbenet
kan skadas om man ramlar och tar emot med handen, och den skadade är ofta en ung
man, som inte sällan håller på med sport. Man ser ingen felställning på handledens
utsida, men patienten upplever ofta smärta på handledens tummsida. Röntgen har svårt
att påvisa ett brott, eftersom båtbenet ligger djupt inne i handleden och skyms av de
andra handlovsbenen och dessutom måste röntgenstrålarna träffa exakt parallellt med
brottet, för att det ska synas. Båtbensbrott, som ej gipsas direkt, läker ofta inte och kan
då medföra kroniska handledsmärtor. För att... (More) - Popular Abstract in Swedish
Båtbenet är ett lite ben i handloven som är väsentlig för handledens funktion. Båtbenet
kan skadas om man ramlar och tar emot med handen, och den skadade är ofta en ung
man, som inte sällan håller på med sport. Man ser ingen felställning på handledens
utsida, men patienten upplever ofta smärta på handledens tummsida. Röntgen har svårt
att påvisa ett brott, eftersom båtbenet ligger djupt inne i handleden och skyms av de
andra handlovsbenen och dessutom måste röntgenstrålarna träffa exakt parallellt med
brottet, för att det ska synas. Båtbensbrott, som ej gipsas direkt, läker ofta inte och kan
då medföra kroniska handledsmärtor. För att inte riskera och missa att behandla ett
brott, så gipsar man alla personer med misstänkt båtbensbrott, även om den första
röntgenundersökningen inte visar något brott. Efter 2 veckor upprepar man
röntgenundersökningen, och då kan man se ett eventuellt brott eftersom läkning synas
på röntgen. Magnetkamera undersökning (MR) har däremot en stor träffsäkerhet när
det gäller att hitta båtbensbrott, men tyvärr är undersökningen fyra gånger så dyr och
tar lång tid.
Under en fyra-årsperiod (2004-03-01 till 2008-02-28) tillfrågades alla patienter, som
sökte på akutmottagningen vid Skånes universitetssjukhus i Malmö med ett misstänkt
båtbensbrott, om de ville delta i en forskningsstudie. Femhundratjugosex patienter
accepterade att delta och de utgör basen för denna avhandling. Våra två första studier
undersökte, hur mycket bättra MR är jämfört med vanlig röntgen och datoriserad
skiktröntgen (datortomografi, CT). Vi hittade enbart 7 av 10 båtbensbrott med vanlig
röntgen men mer än 9 av 10 båtbensbrott med CT undersökning. Hos barn (<18 år)
syntes enbart hälften av båtbensbrotten på vanlig röntgen. Många andra brott i
handloven hittades enbart med MR. I vår tredje studie gjorde vi titthålskirurgi på
patienter med båtbensbrott, och hittade förvånansvärt många ledbandsskador. Ett av
de absolut viktigaste ledbanden, det mellan båt- och månbenet, var helt av hos var fjärde
patient, och krävde åtgärd med fixering och lång tids gipsbehandling. I den fjärde studie
jämförde vi hur båtbensbrott såg ut på vanlig röntgen och CT, med hur brottet såg ut
när man opererade med titthålsteknik. Vi kunde konstatera att om båtbenet var brutit
med et mindre benfragment i mellan (splittrat brott), då var brottet mycket ostadigt,
och precis detta misstänkas förorsaka långsam eller utebliven läkning. I den sista studien
undersökte vi läkningstiden med röntgen och CT hos patienter med brott på mellersta
delen av båtbenet. Patienterna lottades till antigen att behandlas med gips eller opereras.
Operationen var med titthålsteknik och vi använde en liten special utvecklad skruv till
att drar ihop brottet. De patienter som lottades till gipsbehandling var gipsade i minst
80
6 veckor. Oavsett behandlingsmetod läkte brotten på samma tid, men de patienter som
opererades behövde bara ha gips i 1-2 veckor. Brott med förskjutning och/eller
splittring hade en benägenhet till att läka långsammare.
Sammanfattningsvis kan man säga att patienter med misstänkt båtbensbrott kan ha
många olika skador i handleden, och att vanlig röntgen är dålig på att hitta dessa skador.
En akut MR undersökning kan göra att ett stort antal patienter slipper onödig
gipsbehandling (cirka 250 patienter per år i Malmö med 280 000 invånare). Nittio
procent av alla enkla brott i mellersta delen av båtbenet, vilket är den vanligaste typen,
läker med sex veckors gipsbehandling. Patienter som opereras och enbart skall ha gips
en eller två veckor, bör undersökas med titthålsteknik för att utesluta att det finns en
alvarlig ledbandsskada, som kräver längre tids gipsning. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/4905093
- author
- Jörgsholm, Peter LU
- supervisor
-
- Anders Björkman LU
- Sven Abrahamsson LU
- Niels Thomsen LU
- opponent
-
- Professor Hove, Leiv, University of Bergen, Norway
- organization
- publishing date
- 2015
- type
- Thesis
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Scaphoid fracture, carpal fracture, paediatric, radiography, CT, MRI, arthroscopy, scapholunate ligament injury, radial comminution, surgical treatment, conservative treatment, fracture union
- in
- Lund University Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series
- pages
- 105 pages
- publisher
- Hand Surgery Research Group
- defense location
- Lilla Aulan, MFC, Malmö
- defense date
- 2015-01-23 13:00:00
- ISSN
- 1652-8220
- ISBN
- 978-91-7619-086-9
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- ee6c3682-1e04-4f00-a7b3-12efa4955e0d (old id 4905093)
- date added to LUP
- 2016-04-01 14:32:37
- date last changed
- 2019-05-22 05:52:32
@phdthesis{ee6c3682-1e04-4f00-a7b3-12efa4955e0d, abstract = {{Abstract The scaphoid is the most commonly fractured carpal bone. The diagnosis is difficult and untreated the<br/><br> long-term results are poor. Approximately 10% do not unite even if they are treated properly. The aim of this thesis<br/><br> was to study scaphoid fracture epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. During a four-year period (2004-03-01 to<br/><br> 2008-02-28) all patients attending the Emergency Department at Skåne University Hospital in Malmö, due to<br/><br> posttraumatic radial sided wrist pain, were invited to participate in a scaphoid fracture study. The basis for this thesis<br/><br> consists of the 526 patients (531 wrists) who accepted to participate. First we assessed the diagnostic performance<br/><br> of radiographs and CT with MRI as the reference standard. In paediatric patients (<18 years) fracture patterns were<br/><br> studied in relation to skeletal maturity. Using arthroscopy we aimed at identifying factors, which could contribute<br/><br> to prolonged union or non-union of scaphoid fractures. Finally, we evaluated time-to-union of scaphoid waist<br/><br> fractures treated conservatively or by arthroscopy-assisted surgery. In the two diagnostic studies on adults and<br/><br> paediatric patients (paper I-II) 390 wrists were enrolled for MRI investigation. We were able to show that<br/><br> radiographs and CT scans are less sensitive in diagnosing carpal fractures compared to MRI. In particular<br/><br> radiographs in paediatric patients had a poor sensitivity when diagnosing carpal fractures; however, CT had a good<br/><br> sensitivity in finding scaphoid fractures regardless of patient age. We found more concomitant fractures than<br/><br> previously described, and the most common carpal fracture combination was that of the scaphoid and the capitate.<br/><br> Skeletal immature patients had a higher proportion of distal scaphoid fractures compared to the skeletal mature. In<br/><br> the descriptive study using arthroscopy (paper III) 41 scaphoid waist fractures were included. We found, that<br/><br> scapholunate ligament injuries were common with a complete rupture in 24% of the patients. Paper IV is a joint<br/><br> venture with Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. In 58 scaphoid fractures we were able to show, that<br/><br> radiographic fracture comminution was strongly correlated to displacement and instability as judged by arthroscopy.<br/><br> Scapholunate ligament injuries and fracture comminution may be of importance when deciding on treatment of<br/><br> scaphoid fractures. Time-to-union based on CT was assessed in 65 scaphoid waist fractures in paper V. Of the nonor<br/><br> minimally-displaced fractures 90% united after six weeks of conservative treatment. In a randomized subgroup<br/><br> of non-displaced fractures we were not able to show any difference in time-to-union between conservatively and<br/><br> surgically treated patients. The present thesis shows, that MRI is superior in diagnosing carpal fractures in adults<br/><br> and children. Furthermore we found, that concomitant carpal fractures and ligament injuries are common in<br/><br> patients with scaphoid fractures. Radial fracture comminution is strongly correlated to fracture instability. Finally<br/><br> we recognized, that non- or minimally-displaced scaphoid waist fractures are best treated in a cast.}}, author = {{Jörgsholm, Peter}}, isbn = {{978-91-7619-086-9}}, issn = {{1652-8220}}, keywords = {{Scaphoid fracture; carpal fracture; paediatric; radiography; CT; MRI; arthroscopy; scapholunate ligament injury; radial comminution; surgical treatment; conservative treatment; fracture union}}, language = {{eng}}, publisher = {{Hand Surgery Research Group}}, school = {{Lund University}}, series = {{Lund University Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series}}, title = {{Scaphoid Fractures - epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment.}}, url = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/4031203/4935367.pdf}}, year = {{2015}}, }