Kinetics of Biomarkers for Therapeutic Assessment in Swiss Mice Infected with a Virulent Trypanosoma cruzi Strain.
(2026) In Pathogens 15(1). p.1-27- Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), caused by
Trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected tropical illness affecting 6-8 million people in Latin America. Reaching scholarly consensus on the host response to
T. cruzi infection remains a significant challenge, primarily due to substantial heterogeneity in outcomes driven by both the choice of animal model and the infecting parasite's discrete typing unit (DTU). This variability complicates the evaluation and comparison of new therapeutic compounds against existing drugs, namely benznidazole and nifurtimox. This study provides a comprehensive, kinetic, multifaceted characterization of the acute infection using the highly virulent
T. cruzi Y strain (TcII) in outbred Swiss mice. Here, crucial... (More)Chagas disease (CD), caused by
(Less)
Trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected tropical illness affecting 6-8 million people in Latin America. Reaching scholarly consensus on the host response to
T. cruzi infection remains a significant challenge, primarily due to substantial heterogeneity in outcomes driven by both the choice of animal model and the infecting parasite's discrete typing unit (DTU). This variability complicates the evaluation and comparison of new therapeutic compounds against existing drugs, namely benznidazole and nifurtimox. This study provides a comprehensive, kinetic, multifaceted characterization of the acute infection using the highly virulent
T. cruzi Y strain (TcII) in outbred Swiss mice. Here, crucial infection parameters are presented, including the optimal infective dose, the parasitemia dynamics, tissue damage markers, hematological profiles, cytokine production (Th1/Th2/Th17/Th22), and molecular parasite identification in target organs (heart, colon, esophagus, spleen, and liver) across the span of the infection. The novelty of this study lies in the kinetic integration of these parameters within a defined model; rather than presenting isolated data points, we demonstrate how the biochemical, physiological, and clinical signs and immunological responses, with the resulting organ involvement, evolve and interact over time. To complete the report, a necropsy evaluation was performed at the end of the acute, fatal infection, and it is presented here. This study fulfills a long-standing recommendation from diverse drug discovery groups for the creation of a definitive reference model to standardize preclinical testing for anti-Chagasic agents.
- author
- organization
- publishing date
- 2026-01-19
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Animals, Chagas Disease/drug therapy, Trypanosoma cruzi/pathogenicity, Mice, Biomarkers, Disease Models, Animal, Parasitemia/parasitology, Trypanocidal Agents/therapeutic use, Cytokines/metabolism, Nitroimidazoles/therapeutic use, Virulence
- in
- Pathogens
- volume
- 15
- issue
- 1
- article number
- 107
- pages
- 1 - 27
- publisher
- MDPI AG
- external identifiers
-
- pmid:41599090
- ISSN
- 2076-0817
- DOI
- 10.3390/pathogens15010107
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- efec8798-c0cb-4872-8336-6db2d44632bb
- date added to LUP
- 2026-01-29 10:16:21
- date last changed
- 2026-01-29 10:32:58
@article{efec8798-c0cb-4872-8336-6db2d44632bb,
abstract = {{<p>Chagas disease (CD), caused by <br>
Trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected tropical illness affecting 6-8 million people in Latin America. Reaching scholarly consensus on the host response to <br>
T. cruzi infection remains a significant challenge, primarily due to substantial heterogeneity in outcomes driven by both the choice of animal model and the infecting parasite's discrete typing unit (DTU). This variability complicates the evaluation and comparison of new therapeutic compounds against existing drugs, namely benznidazole and nifurtimox. This study provides a comprehensive, kinetic, multifaceted characterization of the acute infection using the highly virulent<br>
T. cruzi Y strain (TcII) in outbred Swiss mice. Here, crucial infection parameters are presented, including the optimal infective dose, the parasitemia dynamics, tissue damage markers, hematological profiles, cytokine production (Th1/Th2/Th17/Th22), and molecular parasite identification in target organs (heart, colon, esophagus, spleen, and liver) across the span of the infection. The novelty of this study lies in the kinetic integration of these parameters within a defined model; rather than presenting isolated data points, we demonstrate how the biochemical, physiological, and clinical signs and immunological responses, with the resulting organ involvement, evolve and interact over time. To complete the report, a necropsy evaluation was performed at the end of the acute, fatal infection, and it is presented here. This study fulfills a long-standing recommendation from diverse drug discovery groups for the creation of a definitive reference model to standardize preclinical testing for anti-Chagasic agents.<br>
</p>}},
author = {{Alves-Rosa, María Fernanda and Dorta, Doriana and Prescilla-Ledezma, Alexa and Carrasco, Jafeth and Bonner, Leighanne and Tamayo, Jon J and Ng, Michelle G and Vega, Adelenis and Morales, Melany and Beltran, Davis and De Jesús, Rosa and Spadafora, Carmenza}},
issn = {{2076-0817}},
keywords = {{Animals; Chagas Disease/drug therapy; Trypanosoma cruzi/pathogenicity; Mice; Biomarkers; Disease Models, Animal; Parasitemia/parasitology; Trypanocidal Agents/therapeutic use; Cytokines/metabolism; Nitroimidazoles/therapeutic use; Virulence}},
language = {{eng}},
month = {{01}},
number = {{1}},
pages = {{1--27}},
publisher = {{MDPI AG}},
series = {{Pathogens}},
title = {{Kinetics of Biomarkers for Therapeutic Assessment in Swiss Mice Infected with a Virulent
Trypanosoma cruzi Strain.}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15010107}},
doi = {{10.3390/pathogens15010107}},
volume = {{15}},
year = {{2026}},
}