Skip to main content

Lund University Publications

LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

The Present People

Gustafsson, Daniel LU (2023) In Lund Political Studies
Abstract
In modern political thought, one of the most recalcitrant, and increasingly pressing, questions of modern democracy is whether, and in what sense, the people can be present. While the presence of the people has, and continues to be, the sine qua non of the democratic form of government, it has also been for a long time held that the people cannot be present literally or in fact. According to the conventional narrative, this absence has been seen as a necessary acquiescence to the problem posed by the modern state, territorially expansive and populous, precluding an assembly democracy in which all can be physically present. The paradox which thus underpins modern democracy is that the people, being represented, is present in some sense,... (More)
In modern political thought, one of the most recalcitrant, and increasingly pressing, questions of modern democracy is whether, and in what sense, the people can be present. While the presence of the people has, and continues to be, the sine qua non of the democratic form of government, it has also been for a long time held that the people cannot be present literally or in fact. According to the conventional narrative, this absence has been seen as a necessary acquiescence to the problem posed by the modern state, territorially expansive and populous, precluding an assembly democracy in which all can be physically present. The paradox which thus underpins modern democracy is that the people, being represented, is present in some sense, while not present literally or in fact.

This thesis argues that the conventional narrative of the paradox of presence of modern democracy remains incomplete. It argues that in posing the question of what it means to speak of the presence of the people, contemporary political theory and intellectual history has so far neglected the question of time. Turning to the history of political thought of early modernity, the thesis contends that in the political thinking of Thomas Hobbes, Samuel Pufendorf and Robert Filmer, the critique of the democratic assembly was indeed framed primarily as one of time, rather than size and space. The democratic assembly, it was suggested, could not be present often enough to ensure the continuance of political order. Taking this problem of presence as a point of departure, the thesis traces its constitutive role in the political thought of some of the key thinkers of modern political thinking, including John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, as well as some of the central theorists of representative government from the end of the eighteenth century. It argues that while the question of time gradually came to be lost from the vocabulary of modern political thought, the problem continued to underpin and structure modern thinking on democracy and popular sovereignty. The imperative which thus continues to underpin modern democratic thought, though largely implicit, is that the people, understood as a political unity, must be made present often enough to ensure the continuance of political order.

The thesis suggests that bringing this imperative to the fore allows political theory a greater understanding of the paradox of presence which imbues modern political thinking on democracy and popular sovereignty. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
En av den moderna demokratins mest bestående, och i allt högre grad aktuella, frågor är om, och i vilket avseende, folket kan vara närvarande. Samtidigt som folkets närvaro har, och alltjämt fortsätter att vara, demokratins villkor, har det sedan länge ansetts omöjligt för folket att vara närvarande i faktisk bemärkelse. Enligt det konventionella narrativet har denna frånvaro setts som en nödvändig eftergift till det problem som den moderna staten, geografiskt omfångsrik och med dess stora befolkning, uppställer, och som utesluter en folkförsamling i vilken alla kan vara fysiskt närvarande. Paradoxen som således underbygger modern demokrati är att folket, i så motto som det är representerat, är närvarande i någon bemärkelse, samtidigt som... (More)
En av den moderna demokratins mest bestående, och i allt högre grad aktuella, frågor är om, och i vilket avseende, folket kan vara närvarande. Samtidigt som folkets närvaro har, och alltjämt fortsätter att vara, demokratins villkor, har det sedan länge ansetts omöjligt för folket att vara närvarande i faktisk bemärkelse. Enligt det konventionella narrativet har denna frånvaro setts som en nödvändig eftergift till det problem som den moderna staten, geografiskt omfångsrik och med dess stora befolkning, uppställer, och som utesluter en folkförsamling i vilken alla kan vara fysiskt närvarande. Paradoxen som således underbygger modern demokrati är att folket, i så motto som det är representerat, är närvarande i någon bemärkelse, samtidigt som det inte är närvarande i realiteten.

Denna avhandling argumenterar för att det konventionella narrativet över den närvarons paradox, är otillräckligt. Avhandlingen för fram argumentet att samtida politisk teori och idéhistoria, i det den ställt frågan om folkets närvaro, hittills försummat frågan om tid. Genom att vända sig till det tidigmoderna politiska tänkandet argumenterar avhandlingen för att kritiken mot den demokratiska folkförsamlingen, såsom den formulerades av Thomas Hobbes, Samuel Pufendorf och Robert Filmer, i själva verket inramades av frågan om tid, snarare än spatialitet. Den demokratiska församlingen, enligt denna kritik, kunde inte vara närvarande tillräckligt ofta för att garantera den politiska ordningens fortlevnad. Med detta problem som utgångspunkt spårar avhandlingen dess konstitutiva roll i det politiska tänkandets historia, genom nyckelpersoner som John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, samt några av det representativa styrelseskickets centrala teoretiker mot slutet av 1700-talet. Avhandlingen menar att även om frågan om tid kom gradvis att gå förlorad från det moderna politiska tänkandets vokabulär, kom det att fortsätta att underbygga det moderna tänkandet kring demokrati och folksuveränitet. Det imperativ som fortsatt att genomsyra modernt demokratiska tänkande, om än outtalat, är att folket, i egenskap av politisk gemenskap, måste vara närvarande tillräckligt ofta för att garantera den politiska ordningens kvarlevnad.

Avhandlingens bidrag består i att lyfta fram detta imperativ, varigenom politisk teori kan nå en djupare förståelse för den närvarons paradox som genomsyrar det moderna politiska tänkandet om demokrati och folksuveränitet. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • Professor Brito Vieira, Monica, University of York
organization
alternative title
Det närvarande folket
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
democracy, presence, time, popular sovereignty, state, democracy, presence, time, popular sovereignty, state
in
Lund Political Studies
issue
211
pages
209 pages
publisher
MediaTryck Lund
defense location
Eden auditorium, Paradisgatan 5, Lund
defense date
2023-05-26 13:00:00
ISSN
0460-0037
0460-0037
ISBN
978-91-8039-639-4
978-91-8039-640-0
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
f2d638f5-87f4-4e29-8875-7d94ec143d0d
date added to LUP
2023-04-25 12:47:34
date last changed
2024-02-08 09:07:28
@phdthesis{f2d638f5-87f4-4e29-8875-7d94ec143d0d,
  abstract     = {{In modern political thought, one of the most recalcitrant, and increasingly pressing, questions of modern democracy is whether, and in what sense, the people can be present. While the presence of the people has, and continues to be, the sine qua non of the democratic form of government, it has also been for a long time held that the people cannot be present literally or in fact. According to the conventional narrative, this absence has been seen as a necessary acquiescence to the problem posed by the modern state, territorially expansive and populous, precluding an assembly democracy in which all can be physically present. The paradox which thus underpins modern democracy is that the people, being represented, is present in some sense, while not present literally or in fact.<br/><br/>This thesis argues that the conventional narrative of the paradox of presence of modern democracy remains incomplete. It argues that in posing the question of what it means to speak of the presence of the people, contemporary political theory and intellectual history has so far neglected the question of time. Turning to the history of political thought of early modernity, the thesis contends that in the political thinking of Thomas Hobbes, Samuel Pufendorf and Robert Filmer, the critique of the democratic assembly was indeed framed primarily as one of time, rather than size and space. The democratic assembly, it was suggested, could not be present often enough to ensure the continuance of political order. Taking this problem of presence as a point of departure, the thesis traces its constitutive role in the political thought of some of the key thinkers of modern political thinking, including John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, as well as some of the central theorists of representative government from the end of the eighteenth century. It argues that while the question of time gradually came to be lost from the vocabulary of modern political thought, the problem continued to underpin and structure modern thinking on democracy and popular sovereignty. The imperative which thus continues to underpin modern democratic thought, though largely implicit, is that the people, understood as a political unity, must be made present often enough to ensure the continuance of political order.<br/><br/>The thesis suggests that bringing this imperative to the fore allows political theory a greater understanding of the paradox of presence which imbues modern political thinking on democracy and popular sovereignty.}},
  author       = {{Gustafsson, Daniel}},
  isbn         = {{978-91-8039-639-4}},
  issn         = {{0460-0037}},
  keywords     = {{democracy, presence, time, popular sovereignty, state; democracy; presence; time; popular sovereignty; state}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{211}},
  publisher    = {{MediaTryck Lund}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  series       = {{Lund Political Studies}},
  title        = {{The Present People}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/145177272/The_Present_People.pdf}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}