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Decreased risk of ischemic heart disease in individuals with severe alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiZZ) in comparison with the general population

Tanash, Hanan LU ; Ekström, Magnus LU orcid ; Basil, Nawfal ; Rönmark, Eva ; Lindberg, Anne and Piitulainen, Eeva LU (2020) In International Journal of COPD 15. p.1245-1252
Abstract

Background: Severe alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an established risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and liver disease, but the effect on the incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) is not well known. The aim was to evaluate the risk of incident IHD in patients with severe AATD compared with a random sample of the general population, with known smoking habits. Methods: AAT-deficient individuals, phenotype PiZZ (n=1545), were included in the Swedish National AATD Register. Controls (n=5883) were selected from population-based cohorts in Northern Sweden. Data on IHD and comorbidities were obtained by nationwide cross-linkage with the Swedish National Patient Register. Risk factors for incident IHD were... (More)

Background: Severe alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an established risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and liver disease, but the effect on the incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) is not well known. The aim was to evaluate the risk of incident IHD in patients with severe AATD compared with a random sample of the general population, with known smoking habits. Methods: AAT-deficient individuals, phenotype PiZZ (n=1545), were included in the Swedish National AATD Register. Controls (n=5883) were selected from population-based cohorts in Northern Sweden. Data on IHD and comorbidities were obtained by nationwide cross-linkage with the Swedish National Patient Register. Risk factors for incident IHD were analyzed using Cox regression, adjusted for age, gender, smoking status and the presence of COPD, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Results: At inclusion, 46% of the PiZZ individuals and 53% of the controls were neversmokers. During follow-up (median 16 years; range 0.2–23), 8% (n=123) of PiZZ individuals and 12% (n=690) of controls developed IHD. The controls had a significantly higher risk for incident IHD than the PiZZ individuals, with adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.8 (95% CI 1.4–2.3). The risk was higher for controls in both ever-smokers (HR 2.1; 95% CI 1.5–2.9) and never-smokers (HR 1.5; 95% CI 1.1–2.2). Conclusion: PiZZ individuals have a lower risk of developing incident ischemic heart disease than the control subjects with known smoking habits, who had been randomly selected from population-based cohorts.

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author
; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Ischemic heart disease, Smoking
in
International Journal of COPD
volume
15
pages
8 pages
publisher
Dove Medical Press Ltd.
external identifiers
  • scopus:85086043106
  • pmid:32606637
ISSN
1176-9106
DOI
10.2147/COPD.S247377
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
f447c840-b2e3-481b-a4df-a867a0b08810
date added to LUP
2020-07-06 15:30:37
date last changed
2023-09-10 06:41:44
@article{f447c840-b2e3-481b-a4df-a867a0b08810,
  abstract     = {{<p>Background: Severe alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an established risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and liver disease, but the effect on the incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) is not well known. The aim was to evaluate the risk of incident IHD in patients with severe AATD compared with a random sample of the general population, with known smoking habits. Methods: AAT-deficient individuals, phenotype PiZZ (n=1545), were included in the Swedish National AATD Register. Controls (n=5883) were selected from population-based cohorts in Northern Sweden. Data on IHD and comorbidities were obtained by nationwide cross-linkage with the Swedish National Patient Register. Risk factors for incident IHD were analyzed using Cox regression, adjusted for age, gender, smoking status and the presence of COPD, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Results: At inclusion, 46% of the PiZZ individuals and 53% of the controls were neversmokers. During follow-up (median 16 years; range 0.2–23), 8% (n=123) of PiZZ individuals and 12% (n=690) of controls developed IHD. The controls had a significantly higher risk for incident IHD than the PiZZ individuals, with adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.8 (95% CI 1.4–2.3). The risk was higher for controls in both ever-smokers (HR 2.1; 95% CI 1.5–2.9) and never-smokers (HR 1.5; 95% CI 1.1–2.2). Conclusion: PiZZ individuals have a lower risk of developing incident ischemic heart disease than the control subjects with known smoking habits, who had been randomly selected from population-based cohorts.</p>}},
  author       = {{Tanash, Hanan and Ekström, Magnus and Basil, Nawfal and Rönmark, Eva and Lindberg, Anne and Piitulainen, Eeva}},
  issn         = {{1176-9106}},
  keywords     = {{Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Ischemic heart disease; Smoking}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{1245--1252}},
  publisher    = {{Dove Medical Press Ltd.}},
  series       = {{International Journal of COPD}},
  title        = {{Decreased risk of ischemic heart disease in individuals with severe alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiZZ) in comparison with the general population}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S247377}},
  doi          = {{10.2147/COPD.S247377}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}