Translation and initial psychometric evaluation of the Danish version of the treatment expectation questionnaire (TEX-Q)
Zachodnik, Josephine LU ; Linding, Louise ; Thybo, Kasper Højgaard ; Geisler, Anja LU and Sandberg, Magnus LU
(2026)
In Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes
10(1).
- Abstract
Background: Patient expectations are important psychological determinants of health outcomes. The Treatment Expectation Questionnaire (TEX-Q) is a validated, multidimensional instrument for assessing treatment expectations; however, no Danish version has previously been available. This study aimed to translate and conduct an initial psychometric evaluation of a Danish version of the TEX-Q in patients undergoing spinal surgery. Methods: The TEX-Q was translated using a structured forward–backward procedure in accordance with ISPOR guidelines, including expert review by clinicians from different professional backgrounds. Consecutive adult patients scheduled for spinal surgery at a university hospital were invited to participate. The... (More)
Background: Patient expectations are important psychological determinants of health outcomes. The Treatment Expectation Questionnaire (TEX-Q) is a validated, multidimensional instrument for assessing treatment expectations; however, no Danish version has previously been available. This study aimed to translate and conduct an initial psychometric evaluation of a Danish version of the TEX-Q in patients undergoing spinal surgery. Methods: The TEX-Q was translated using a structured forward–backward procedure in accordance with ISPOR guidelines, including expert review by clinicians from different professional backgrounds. Consecutive adult patients scheduled for spinal surgery at a university hospital were invited to participate. The initial psychometric evaluation followed established PROM reporting standards and included assessment of feasibility, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, floor and ceiling effects, and construct validity. Results: The Danish TEX-Q demonstrated high comprehensibility and linguistic clarity, with mean item ratings ranging from 5.4 to 5.8 on a six-point Likert scale. Reliability varied across domains, with good internal consistency and test–retest reliability observed for most domains. Floor effects were negligible, while ceiling effects exceeded 15% in selected domains. Construct validity analyses showed no association between the TEX-Q total score and functional disability, while only limited domain-specific associations were observed, and a small but statistically significant positive association with quality of life. Conclusion: The Danish version of TEX-Q was successfully translated and demonstrated promising initial psychometric properties in a population of patients undergoing spinal surgery. However, variability in reliability across domains warrants cautious interpretation of domain-level results. Further studies are needed to assess structural validity and confirm the psychometric properties of the instrument in larger and more diverse clinical populations.
(Less)
- author
- Zachodnik, Josephine
LU
; Linding, Louise
; Thybo, Kasper Højgaard
; Geisler, Anja
LU
and Sandberg, Magnus
LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2026-12
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Construct validity, Questionnaire translation, Spinal surgery, Test–retest reliability, Treatment expectations
- in
- Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes
- volume
- 10
- issue
- 1
- article number
- 104
- publisher
- Springer
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:105042323069
- pmid:42322522
- ISSN
- 2509-8020
- DOI
- 10.1186/s41687-026-01121-1
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- f86f4201-93c8-425d-aae3-51a3bac91f94
- date added to LUP
- 2026-07-03 09:36:38
- date last changed
- 2026-09-25 16:23:11
@article{f86f4201-93c8-425d-aae3-51a3bac91f94,
abstract = {{<p>Background: Patient expectations are important psychological determinants of health outcomes. The Treatment Expectation Questionnaire (TEX-Q) is a validated, multidimensional instrument for assessing treatment expectations; however, no Danish version has previously been available. This study aimed to translate and conduct an initial psychometric evaluation of a Danish version of the TEX-Q in patients undergoing spinal surgery. Methods: The TEX-Q was translated using a structured forward–backward procedure in accordance with ISPOR guidelines, including expert review by clinicians from different professional backgrounds. Consecutive adult patients scheduled for spinal surgery at a university hospital were invited to participate. The initial psychometric evaluation followed established PROM reporting standards and included assessment of feasibility, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, floor and ceiling effects, and construct validity. Results: The Danish TEX-Q demonstrated high comprehensibility and linguistic clarity, with mean item ratings ranging from 5.4 to 5.8 on a six-point Likert scale. Reliability varied across domains, with good internal consistency and test–retest reliability observed for most domains. Floor effects were negligible, while ceiling effects exceeded 15% in selected domains. Construct validity analyses showed no association between the TEX-Q total score and functional disability, while only limited domain-specific associations were observed, and a small but statistically significant positive association with quality of life. Conclusion: The Danish version of TEX-Q was successfully translated and demonstrated promising initial psychometric properties in a population of patients undergoing spinal surgery. However, variability in reliability across domains warrants cautious interpretation of domain-level results. Further studies are needed to assess structural validity and confirm the psychometric properties of the instrument in larger and more diverse clinical populations.</p>}},
author = {{Zachodnik, Josephine and Linding, Louise and Thybo, Kasper Højgaard and Geisler, Anja and Sandberg, Magnus}},
issn = {{2509-8020}},
keywords = {{Construct validity; Questionnaire translation; Spinal surgery; Test–retest reliability; Treatment expectations}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{1}},
publisher = {{Springer}},
series = {{Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes}},
title = {{Translation and initial psychometric evaluation of the Danish version of the treatment expectation questionnaire (TEX-Q)}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41687-026-01121-1}},
doi = {{10.1186/s41687-026-01121-1}},
volume = {{10}},
year = {{2026}},
}