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Vätgasexplosioner i realistiska utsläppsmiljöer– En validering av beräkningsmodeller för gasmolnsexplosioner

Wallgren, Emil LU and Nilsson, Emil LU (2026) In LUTVDG/TVBB VBRM10 20261
Division of Fire Safety Engineering
Abstract
This thesis evaluates the ability of three hand-calculation models for estimating overpressure
from hydrogen vapour cloud explosions. The models were the TNT, TNO and OHVE models.
The aim was to assess their performance in realistic release environments and identify their
strengths and limitations. Model predictions were validated against experimental data from
three experimental setups: a refuelling station, a storage facility, and pipes. Both premixed gas
clouds and jet release explosions were analysed, except for pipelines where data for jet release
explosions were unavailable. Model performance was quantified using RMSE and MAE. The
results indicate that the TNT model performs poorly at low scaled distances, its pressure curve
... (More)
This thesis evaluates the ability of three hand-calculation models for estimating overpressure
from hydrogen vapour cloud explosions. The models were the TNT, TNO and OHVE models.
The aim was to assess their performance in realistic release environments and identify their
strengths and limitations. Model predictions were validated against experimental data from
three experimental setups: a refuelling station, a storage facility, and pipes. Both premixed gas
clouds and jet release explosions were analysed, except for pipelines where data for jet release
explosions were unavailable. Model performance was quantified using RMSE and MAE. The
results indicate that the TNT model performs poorly at low scaled distances, its pressure curve
does not reflect vapour cloud explosion behaviour, and the established guidelines do not
follow the experimental data. The OHVE model captures pressure decay with distance but
underestimates overpressure in congested environments. The TNO model shows good
agreement when the correct pressure curve is chosen, though current guidelines risk
systematic underestimation. Overall, the models exhibit notable limitations, particularly in
handling obstruction and confinement, indicating a need for improved guidelines and further
research. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Wallgren, Emil LU and Nilsson, Emil LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Hydrogen Explosions in Realistic Release Environments – A Validation of Computational Models for Vapour Cloud Explosions
course
VBRM10 20261
year
type
H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
subject
keywords
Gasmolnsexplosion, vätgas, realistisk utsläppsmiljö, TNT, TNO, OHVE, validering, handberäkningsmodeller, övertryck
publication/series
LUTVDG/TVBB
report number
5759
other publication id
LUTVDG/TVBB--5759--SE
language
Swedish
id
9225027
date added to LUP
2026-04-07 08:52:51
date last changed
2026-04-07 08:52:51
@misc{9225027,
  abstract     = {{This thesis evaluates the ability of three hand-calculation models for estimating overpressure
from hydrogen vapour cloud explosions. The models were the TNT, TNO and OHVE models.
The aim was to assess their performance in realistic release environments and identify their
strengths and limitations. Model predictions were validated against experimental data from
three experimental setups: a refuelling station, a storage facility, and pipes. Both premixed gas
clouds and jet release explosions were analysed, except for pipelines where data for jet release
explosions were unavailable. Model performance was quantified using RMSE and MAE. The
results indicate that the TNT model performs poorly at low scaled distances, its pressure curve
does not reflect vapour cloud explosion behaviour, and the established guidelines do not
follow the experimental data. The OHVE model captures pressure decay with distance but
underestimates overpressure in congested environments. The TNO model shows good
agreement when the correct pressure curve is chosen, though current guidelines risk
systematic underestimation. Overall, the models exhibit notable limitations, particularly in
handling obstruction and confinement, indicating a need for improved guidelines and further
research.}},
  author       = {{Wallgren, Emil and Nilsson, Emil}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  series       = {{LUTVDG/TVBB}},
  title        = {{Vätgasexplosioner i realistiska utsläppsmiljöer– En validering av beräkningsmodeller för gasmolnsexplosioner}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}