Verifying Human Works: A Comparative Analysis of the Right of Attribution in relation to AI Generated Media
(2026) LAGM01 20261Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract
- With the rise of AI generated media, a shift in the audience perception of AI generated content has taken place, where studies show that content which is labelled as AI will be less interacted with compared to human labelled content. The thesis therefore examines possible methods for verifying human made content, in particular, whether copyright’s right of attribution can act as a veri-fier for human works within the EU.
The initial chapter examines prevailing regulation regarding AI generated content in view of distinguishment, where the AI Act has been examined. It concludes that there are obligations on providers and deployers for labelling AI generated content. The limitations for deployers to only mark deepfakes and in a way it... (More) - With the rise of AI generated media, a shift in the audience perception of AI generated content has taken place, where studies show that content which is labelled as AI will be less interacted with compared to human labelled content. The thesis therefore examines possible methods for verifying human made content, in particular, whether copyright’s right of attribution can act as a veri-fier for human works within the EU.
The initial chapter examines prevailing regulation regarding AI generated content in view of distinguishment, where the AI Act has been examined. It concludes that there are obligations on providers and deployers for labelling AI generated content. The limitations for deployers to only mark deepfakes and in a way it does not impede their artistic freedom is emphasized as the greatest implication for the audience to distinguish between human made works and AI generated media.
Since the labelling obligations under the AI Act are not absolute, the thesis examines the moral right of attribution, under the Berne Convention and with-in the EU. The right of attribution, as well as other moral rights, are not harmonised within the EU, where the main reasoning has been due to a lack of effect on the internal market. The opposite is however concluded in view of the circulation of works on the internet as well as that some harmonisation has been done through legislation and the CJEU’s jurisprudence. It is further concluded that in order to attain a smooth functioning of the internal market as well as upholding the interest of authors, a harmonisation of the right of attribution is necessary.
In what way the EU is to construe the right of attribution in relation to human verification, Sweden and France’s right of attribution are examined. Where the findings are that the right is similar in some aspects, as in its personal nature. However the right has a stronger standing in France due to its perpetuity and more extensive applicability compared to Swedish law. The similarities and differences in the two legal systems are analysed regarding human verification, where the French system seems to be more favourable in the majority of cases.
The thesis concludes that the obligations under the AI Act is not a complete measure in order for the audience to distinguish AI generated media, where the alternative is the right of attribution. The EU can legislate that AI markings are not be confused with authors’ attributive marks as well as a copyright symbol similar to the Commissions proposed for AI generated media. Questions about registrations of copyright is however scrutinized in view of author’s right to remain anonymous. (Less) - Abstract (Swedish)
- I takt med utvecklingen av AI-genererad media, har allmänhetens uppfattning om sådant innehåll förändrats. Studier visar att innehåll som märks som AI genererat interageras mindre med jämfört med innehåll märkta som mänskligt skapat. Mot denna bakgrund undersöker uppsatsen eventuella metoder för att verifiera att innehåll är skapat av en människa, i synnerhet ifall rätten till namngivelse kan fungera som ett EU-rättsligt verifieringsverktyg för mänskliga verk.
Det inledande kapitlet granskar AI-förordningens krav på att AI-genererat ska märkas samt AI-genererad medias effekter på dels användare dels den kreativa industrin i stort. AI-förordningen föreskriver skyldigheter gentemot leverantörer av AI-system samt tillhandahållare som... (More) - I takt med utvecklingen av AI-genererad media, har allmänhetens uppfattning om sådant innehåll förändrats. Studier visar att innehåll som märks som AI genererat interageras mindre med jämfört med innehåll märkta som mänskligt skapat. Mot denna bakgrund undersöker uppsatsen eventuella metoder för att verifiera att innehåll är skapat av en människa, i synnerhet ifall rätten till namngivelse kan fungera som ett EU-rättsligt verifieringsverktyg för mänskliga verk.
Det inledande kapitlet granskar AI-förordningens krav på att AI-genererat ska märkas samt AI-genererad medias effekter på dels användare dels den kreativa industrin i stort. AI-förordningen föreskriver skyldigheter gentemot leverantörer av AI-system samt tillhandahållare som genererar sådant innehåll. Begränsningen för tillhandahållare att endast märka deepfakes och på ett sätt som inte hindrar deras konstnärliga frihet betonas som den största konsekvensen för användare att skilja mellan mänskliga verk och AI-genererade medier.
Mot bakgrund av att märkningsskyldigheterna enligt AI-förordningen inte är absoluta, undersöker avhandlingen den ideella rätten enligt Bernkonventionen samt inom EU. Upphovsrättens ideella rättigheter är inte harmoniserade inom EU, varav det konstateras i detta arbete att upphovsmän befinner sig i ovisshet gällande deras rättigheter när verk sprids på nätet. Viss harmonisering har även motsatsvis skett genom lagstiftning samt EU-domstolens rättspraxis. Harmonisering av namngivelserätten konstateras även som nödvändig för att uppnå en väl fungerande inre marknad samt för att tillgodose upphovsmännens intressen.
Namngivelserättens tillämpningsområde inom Svensk och Fransk rätt grans-kas med anledning av att utröna under vilka förutsättningar EU kan applicera rättigheten i förhållande till mänsklig verifiering. Undersökningen visar att rättigheten är likartad i vissa avseenden, såsom dess personliga karaktär. Namngivelserätten har däremot en starkare ställning i Frankrike på grund av dess eviga karaktär och tillämpningsområde jämfört med svensk rätt. Likhet-erna och skillnaderna mellan de två rättssystemen analyseras avseende mänsklig verifiering, där det franska systemet verkar vara mer fördelaktigt.
Uppsatsen konstaterar avslutningsvis att skyldigheterna stipulerade i AI-förordningen är ofullständiga avseende möjligheterna att särskilja AI-genererad media, varav namngivelserätten kan utgöra ett alternativ. Det föreslås att AI-märkningar ska innehålla bestämmelser om att märkningen inte får förväxlas med upphovsmäns attributmärken samt att en upphovsrättssymbol liknande den som kommissionen föreslagit för AI-genererade medier ska gälla inom EU. Frågor om registrering av upphovsrätt ifrågasätts dock med hänsyn till upphovsmannens rätt att förbli anonym. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9232824
- author
- Demetriades, Philip LU
- supervisor
- organization
- course
- LAGM01 20261
- year
- 2026
- type
- H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
- subject
- keywords
- Copyright, AI, Verification, Moral rights
- language
- English
- id
- 9232824
- date added to LUP
- 2026-06-10 11:19:49
- date last changed
- 2026-06-10 11:19:49
@misc{9232824,
abstract = {{With the rise of AI generated media, a shift in the audience perception of AI generated content has taken place, where studies show that content which is labelled as AI will be less interacted with compared to human labelled content. The thesis therefore examines possible methods for verifying human made content, in particular, whether copyright’s right of attribution can act as a veri-fier for human works within the EU.
The initial chapter examines prevailing regulation regarding AI generated content in view of distinguishment, where the AI Act has been examined. It concludes that there are obligations on providers and deployers for labelling AI generated content. The limitations for deployers to only mark deepfakes and in a way it does not impede their artistic freedom is emphasized as the greatest implication for the audience to distinguish between human made works and AI generated media.
Since the labelling obligations under the AI Act are not absolute, the thesis examines the moral right of attribution, under the Berne Convention and with-in the EU. The right of attribution, as well as other moral rights, are not harmonised within the EU, where the main reasoning has been due to a lack of effect on the internal market. The opposite is however concluded in view of the circulation of works on the internet as well as that some harmonisation has been done through legislation and the CJEU’s jurisprudence. It is further concluded that in order to attain a smooth functioning of the internal market as well as upholding the interest of authors, a harmonisation of the right of attribution is necessary.
In what way the EU is to construe the right of attribution in relation to human verification, Sweden and France’s right of attribution are examined. Where the findings are that the right is similar in some aspects, as in its personal nature. However the right has a stronger standing in France due to its perpetuity and more extensive applicability compared to Swedish law. The similarities and differences in the two legal systems are analysed regarding human verification, where the French system seems to be more favourable in the majority of cases.
The thesis concludes that the obligations under the AI Act is not a complete measure in order for the audience to distinguish AI generated media, where the alternative is the right of attribution. The EU can legislate that AI markings are not be confused with authors’ attributive marks as well as a copyright symbol similar to the Commissions proposed for AI generated media. Questions about registrations of copyright is however scrutinized in view of author’s right to remain anonymous.}},
author = {{Demetriades, Philip}},
language = {{eng}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Verifying Human Works: A Comparative Analysis of the Right of Attribution in relation to AI Generated Media}},
year = {{2026}},
}