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What is the impact of trade openness on income inequality, and how does this effect vary across countries at different stages of economic development?

van den Bosch, Sebas Gijs Marijn LU (2026) EKHS42 20261
Department of Economic History
Abstract
This paper examines the impact of trade openness on income inequality and how this relationship varies across countries at different stages of economic development. Using system GMM, and quantile regression on a self-constructed panel dataset of 57 countries from 1970 to 2015, the study analyzes the moderating roles of political power concentration and economic complexity. Based on the Stolper-Samuelson theorem, trade openness is expected to increase inequality in the Global North and reduce it in the Global South, with institutions and economic complexity shaping these outcomes. However, across the full sample and regional subsamples, the results show limited statistical significance and provide no consistent empirical support for the... (More)
This paper examines the impact of trade openness on income inequality and how this relationship varies across countries at different stages of economic development. Using system GMM, and quantile regression on a self-constructed panel dataset of 57 countries from 1970 to 2015, the study analyzes the moderating roles of political power concentration and economic complexity. Based on the Stolper-Samuelson theorem, trade openness is expected to increase inequality in the Global North and reduce it in the Global South, with institutions and economic complexity shaping these outcomes. However, across the full sample and regional subsamples, the results show limited statistical significance and provide no consistent empirical support for the proposed hypotheses. While no clear relationship is identified, the study highlights the importance of structural and institutional conditions in understanding the distributional effects of trade liberalization. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
van den Bosch, Sebas Gijs Marijn LU
supervisor
organization
course
EKHS42 20261
year
type
H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
subject
keywords
Trade openness, income inequality, political power concentration, economic complexity, institutions
language
English
id
9233024
date added to LUP
2026-09-07 13:57:23
date last changed
2026-09-07 13:57:23
@misc{9233024,
  abstract     = {{This paper examines the impact of trade openness on income inequality and how this relationship varies across countries at different stages of economic development. Using system GMM, and quantile regression on a self-constructed panel dataset of 57 countries from 1970 to 2015, the study analyzes the moderating roles of political power concentration and economic complexity. Based on the Stolper-Samuelson theorem, trade openness is expected to increase inequality in the Global North and reduce it in the Global South, with institutions and economic complexity shaping these outcomes. However, across the full sample and regional subsamples, the results show limited statistical significance and provide no consistent empirical support for the proposed hypotheses. While no clear relationship is identified, the study highlights the importance of structural and institutional conditions in understanding the distributional effects of trade liberalization.}},
  author       = {{van den Bosch, Sebas Gijs Marijn}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{What is the impact of trade openness on income inequality, and how does this effect vary across countries at different stages of economic development?}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}