OTDOA-Based Positioning in Narrowband IoT
(2017) EITM01 20171Department of Electrical and Information Technology
- Abstract
- This thesis considers the problem of improving the performance of observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) based positioning for Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT). A new iterative low-complexity algorithm based on expectation maximization successive interference cancellation (EM-SIC) is presented. The algorithm tackles the near-far problem by using an iterative SIC, where for each received signal a frequency offset compensation and channel estimation is performed. A low receiver sampling rate of 1.92 MHz is assumed and the time of arrival (TOA) estimates are refined by interpolation of correlation results to a higher sampling rate. At the final stage of the algorithm, the problem of multipath fading is addressed using an iterative... (More)
- This thesis considers the problem of improving the performance of observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) based positioning for Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT). A new iterative low-complexity algorithm based on expectation maximization successive interference cancellation (EM-SIC) is presented. The algorithm tackles the near-far problem by using an iterative SIC, where for each received signal a frequency offset compensation and channel estimation is performed. A low receiver sampling rate of 1.92 MHz is assumed and the time of arrival (TOA) estimates are refined by interpolation of correlation results to a higher sampling rate. At the final stage of the algorithm, the problem of multipath fading is addressed using an iterative first-path detector. It is shown that the proposes EM-SIC algorithm greatly increases positioning performance compared to conventional methods and the estimated TOA variance almost attains the Cramér-Rao lower bound. (Less)
- Popular Abstract
- The internet of things (IoT) is the infrastructure that enables the connectivity of smart devices to the internet. It has been estimated that around 100 billion devices will be connected by 2025 and this fast growth is expected to revolutionize many industries, such as healthcare, transportation, and agriculture. As of today, many everyday items are already being connected in smart home applications. Due to the wide range of applications, there are many different emerging standards for enabling the IoT. Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) is a cellular technology that will allow connectivity for devices in remote areas while allowing for very long battery lifetimes, which is critical in some applications.
In the next release of NB-IoT, a new... (More) - The internet of things (IoT) is the infrastructure that enables the connectivity of smart devices to the internet. It has been estimated that around 100 billion devices will be connected by 2025 and this fast growth is expected to revolutionize many industries, such as healthcare, transportation, and agriculture. As of today, many everyday items are already being connected in smart home applications. Due to the wide range of applications, there are many different emerging standards for enabling the IoT. Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) is a cellular technology that will allow connectivity for devices in remote areas while allowing for very long battery lifetimes, which is critical in some applications.
In the next release of NB-IoT, a new feature has been added that will allow positioning of devices by allowing them to receive signals from several cell towers simultaneously. Examples of applications of this feature are fleet management, network capacity planning, and navigation services. The used positioning technique is known as observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA), because the device measures the arrival time of several transmitted reference signals. By using the difference between the observed arrival times, the position of the device can be estimated. However, this technique has several limitations which makes it difficult to obtain good position accuracy. Since NB-IoT is technique that focuses on low-end devices, there has been a trade off where system capacity has been sacrificed in order to achieve low complexity. Therefore it is especially challenging to implement OTDOA-based positioning in NB-IoT. For example, the bandwidth of the reference signals is very small, which makes it difficult to locate them in time. Furthermore, the large distances covered by NB-IoT cell towers causes the received signal powers to be very weak. Smart techniques are therefore necessary in order to correctly locate an NB-IoT device.
In this thesis, a low-complexity OTDOA-based positioning algorithm that strives to overcome the challenges of NB-IoT networks has been implemented. The algorithm improves the positioning accuracy by cancelling interfering signals from neighbouring cell towers, estimating the frequency offset of each received signal and converting the results to a higher sampling frequency. Such methods have been used on their own in other cellular technologies, whereas in the algorithm proposed in this thesis, they are combined and applied to the specific scenario of positioning for NB-IoT. It is shown that the new algorithm increases positioning performance significantly compared to conventional methods. In particular, the probability that a given user equipment can be localized is greatly increased, as well as the accuracy of the estimated position. Furthermore, an analysis of the computational complexity of the algorithm shows that it can be realistically implemented in user equipment hardware and software. However, the performance increases are not as great in urban environments where signals can scatter on buildings and other large objects, and this is an area of development for future work. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8917934
- author
- Berg, Axel LU
- supervisor
- organization
- course
- EITM01 20171
- year
- 2017
- type
- H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
- subject
- keywords
- IoT NB-IoT OTDOA Positioning
- report number
- LU/LTH-EIT 2017-589
- language
- English
- id
- 8917934
- date added to LUP
- 2017-06-22 13:27:45
- date last changed
- 2017-06-22 13:27:45
@misc{8917934,
abstract = {{This thesis considers the problem of improving the performance of observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) based positioning for Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT). A new iterative low-complexity algorithm based on expectation maximization successive interference cancellation (EM-SIC) is presented. The algorithm tackles the near-far problem by using an iterative SIC, where for each received signal a frequency offset compensation and channel estimation is performed. A low receiver sampling rate of 1.92 MHz is assumed and the time of arrival (TOA) estimates are refined by interpolation of correlation results to a higher sampling rate. At the final stage of the algorithm, the problem of multipath fading is addressed using an iterative first-path detector. It is shown that the proposes EM-SIC algorithm greatly increases positioning performance compared to conventional methods and the estimated TOA variance almost attains the Cramér-Rao lower bound.}},
author = {{Berg, Axel}},
language = {{eng}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{OTDOA-Based Positioning in Narrowband IoT}},
year = {{2017}},
}