Gut-brain axis: Dietary regulation of intestinal and blood-brain barrier function
(2019) KNLM01 20191Food Technology and Nutrition (M.Sc.)
- Abstract
- It is known that consumption of high fat diet may lead to gut dysbiosis and increase intestinal permeability by altering gut microbiota composition. However, metabolites from dietary fiber fermentation, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) may prevent these changes. SCFAs are of great importance in maintaining colonic integrity, and exerting anti-inflammatory function as signaling molecules. The present study was conducted in a rat-model, using 10 conventional rats fed high fat diet and 40 Apoe-/- rats fed the low fat diet, high fat diet along or supplemented with product 1 and product 2, containing SCFA. mRNA expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludins) and free fatty acid receptors (Nlacr1, FFar2), and mucosal thickness of jejunum... (More)
- It is known that consumption of high fat diet may lead to gut dysbiosis and increase intestinal permeability by altering gut microbiota composition. However, metabolites from dietary fiber fermentation, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) may prevent these changes. SCFAs are of great importance in maintaining colonic integrity, and exerting anti-inflammatory function as signaling molecules. The present study was conducted in a rat-model, using 10 conventional rats fed high fat diet and 40 Apoe-/- rats fed the low fat diet, high fat diet along or supplemented with product 1 and product 2, containing SCFA. mRNA expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludins) and free fatty acid receptors (Nlacr1, FFar2), and mucosal thickness of jejunum were analyzed. The results showed an increased expression of tight junction proteins in groups that consumed SCFA containing products, especially in the brain. Thus, food enriched with SCFA may counteract negative effects of high fat diet, decreasing paracellular permeability, and enhancing intestinal and blood-brain barrier function. (Less)
- Popular Abstract
- A Western diet, high in fat and sugar, is common in modern life due to inexpensive price and convenience. The high fat diet is known to trigger gut dysbiosis, by alteration of gut microbiota composition, which is related to increasing risks of various chronic diseases, such as obesity, type-2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease and cardiovascular disease. It is caused increase intestinal permeability, which favoring unwanted components passage to the systemic circulation, a phenomenon known as ‘leaky gut’ syndrome. Several studies have shown that high fat-induced disturbance of the gut microbiota composition would suppress the expression of tight junction protein and decrease mucosal thickness. However, metabolites from dietary fiber... (More)
- A Western diet, high in fat and sugar, is common in modern life due to inexpensive price and convenience. The high fat diet is known to trigger gut dysbiosis, by alteration of gut microbiota composition, which is related to increasing risks of various chronic diseases, such as obesity, type-2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease and cardiovascular disease. It is caused increase intestinal permeability, which favoring unwanted components passage to the systemic circulation, a phenomenon known as ‘leaky gut’ syndrome. Several studies have shown that high fat-induced disturbance of the gut microbiota composition would suppress the expression of tight junction protein and decrease mucosal thickness. However, metabolites from dietary fiber fermentation in the gut, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) may prevent or counteract these changes. SCFAs include acetate, propionate, butyrate, valeric acid, and caproic acid, and they provide 60-70% of energy requirement to colonic epithelial cells. SCFAs are of great importance in maintaining colonic integrity, and exerting anti-inflammatory function. The main aim of the present study was to investigate indicators of gut permeability and blood-brain barrier function in a model of high fat feeding rats having metabolic disturbances due to Apolipoprotein E deficiency, so called Apoe -/- rats. In this respect, the expression of tight junction protein and free fatty acid receptors in both small intestine and brain were investigated. In addition, the mucosal thickness of middle part of small intestine, the jejunum, was evaluated to study dietary effects on the tissue structure. From our study, it could be suggested that food enriched with SCFAs may counteract negative effects of high fat diet, decreasing paracellular permeability and enhancing intestinal and blood brain barrier function. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8992923
- author
- Lin, Xue LU
- supervisor
- organization
- course
- KNLM01 20191
- year
- 2019
- type
- H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
- subject
- keywords
- SCFAs, intestinal permeability, blood-brain barrier function, applied nutrition, food chemistry
- language
- English
- id
- 8992923
- date added to LUP
- 2021-06-28 11:56:07
- date last changed
- 2021-06-28 11:56:07
@misc{8992923,
abstract = {{It is known that consumption of high fat diet may lead to gut dysbiosis and increase intestinal permeability by altering gut microbiota composition. However, metabolites from dietary fiber fermentation, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) may prevent these changes. SCFAs are of great importance in maintaining colonic integrity, and exerting anti-inflammatory function as signaling molecules. The present study was conducted in a rat-model, using 10 conventional rats fed high fat diet and 40 Apoe-/- rats fed the low fat diet, high fat diet along or supplemented with product 1 and product 2, containing SCFA. mRNA expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludins) and free fatty acid receptors (Nlacr1, FFar2), and mucosal thickness of jejunum were analyzed. The results showed an increased expression of tight junction proteins in groups that consumed SCFA containing products, especially in the brain. Thus, food enriched with SCFA may counteract negative effects of high fat diet, decreasing paracellular permeability, and enhancing intestinal and blood-brain barrier function.}},
author = {{Lin, Xue}},
language = {{eng}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Gut-brain axis: Dietary regulation of intestinal and blood-brain barrier function}},
year = {{2019}},
}