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Horisontalstabilisering i småhus - Råspont som stabiliserande system i tak

Estlund, Jacob LU and Persson, Maxine (2020) In TVBK-5273 VBKM01 20201
Division of Structural Engineering
Department of Building and Environmental Technology
Abstract
Each year, approximately 10 000 single-family houses are built in Sweden, a majority of which are timber-framed. Even larger buildings are more commonly being designed with timber structural systems as wood is considered having a lesser impact on the environment compared to steel and concrete. In most single-family houses, prefabricated timber roof trusses are used in combination with tongue-and-groove planking as the load-carrying roof structure. The planking is partially used in order to distribute the vertical loads but also in order to stabilize the structure against horizontal loads. Even though tongue-and-groove planking has been used for decades in single-family houses, there is currently no established method, in Sweden, in order... (More)
Each year, approximately 10 000 single-family houses are built in Sweden, a majority of which are timber-framed. Even larger buildings are more commonly being designed with timber structural systems as wood is considered having a lesser impact on the environment compared to steel and concrete. In most single-family houses, prefabricated timber roof trusses are used in combination with tongue-and-groove planking as the load-carrying roof structure. The planking is partially used in order to distribute the vertical loads but also in order to stabilize the structure against horizontal loads. Even though tongue-and-groove planking has been used for decades in single-family houses, there is currently no established method, in Sweden, in order to calculate its in-plane load-carrying capacity.

Generally it is currently not required to check the horizontal stability of single-family houses, however, in the early 2000s several collapses in timber-structures occurred throughout Europe due to insufficient horizontal stability. Thus, there is a possibility that the requirements in Eurocode might be tightened. Therefore, there is an interest in being able to confirm the adequacy of the lateral stability even in small houses. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to investigate the accuracy of theoretical calculations by comparing theoretical results with experimental results. The objective is to conclude whether or not a design-equation is applicable in structural engineering calculations. In the early stages of the literature review, a canadian equation was found which uses the force-couples in every pair of nails to calculate the structure's in-plane shear-capacity.

In this thesis, a literature review, tests and calculations were carried out. The literature study was conducted in order to gain knowledge regarding the in-plane shear capacity of timber structures. The tests comprised a total of 13 specimens with three different assemblies. The specimens were 2,4 x 2,5 m elements consisting of tongue-and-groove sheets with pins nailed to timber studs with a cc of 1200 mm. Before the tests were carried out, theoretical calculations of the specimen's racking strength were executed. Finally, an example of how the theoretical equation could be applied in a typical 1,5-storey single-family house was conducted with the intention to investigate whether or not the results were sufficient to handle the lateral stability.

The results from the tests showed that in the specimen where the pins were removed and individual planks were used, the equation gave an accurate estimation of the in-plane shear capacity whereas the specimen with pins had a capacity more than twice that of the calculated value. Furthermore, the stiffness in the specimens with pins were significantly higher than in the specimen without. It was also concluded that the jointing method in between the sheets, friction and the moisture content did not appear to affect the strength. In the example, the design-equation was applied to a 1,5-storey single-family house exposed to large snow- and wind loads and it was concluded that the tongue-and-groove planking provided sufficient lateral stability without considering the extra capacity from the pins. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Det byggs cirka 10 000 småhus i Sverige varje år och en stor majoritet av dem byggs i trä men det blir även allt vanligare att större byggnader byggs i trä då detta byggnadsmaterial lyfts fram som ett miljövänligare alternativ till stål och betong. I småhusen används prefabricerade takstolar i trä i kombination med råspont i takkonstruktionen, dels för att fördela de vertikala lasterna men även för att stabilisera konstruktionen mot horisontella laster. Trots att råspont är vanligt i småhus och har använts i årtionden så saknas det i dagsläget kunskap i Sverige för att beräkna vilken kapacitet råspont har att hantera horisontella laster.

Idag ställs sällan krav på dimensionering av horisontalstabiliseringen för småhus men under början... (More)
Det byggs cirka 10 000 småhus i Sverige varje år och en stor majoritet av dem byggs i trä men det blir även allt vanligare att större byggnader byggs i trä då detta byggnadsmaterial lyfts fram som ett miljövänligare alternativ till stål och betong. I småhusen används prefabricerade takstolar i trä i kombination med råspont i takkonstruktionen, dels för att fördela de vertikala lasterna men även för att stabilisera konstruktionen mot horisontella laster. Trots att råspont är vanligt i småhus och har använts i årtionden så saknas det i dagsläget kunskap i Sverige för att beräkna vilken kapacitet råspont har att hantera horisontella laster.

Idag ställs sällan krav på dimensionering av horisontalstabiliseringen för småhus men under början av 2000-talet har flera ras av takonstruktioner skett runt om i Europa på grund av undermåliga horisontalstabiliseringssystem. Detta har lett till att kraven i Eurokod ser ut att skärpas. Med bakgrund i detta finns det ett intresse i småhusbranschen att kunna beräkna kapaciteten i horisontalstabiliseringssystemen för att kunna redovisa varför byggsystemet är pålitligt. Syftet med denna studie är att fastställa råsponts kapacitet mot belastning i sitt plan genom att jämföra en teoretisk beräkningsmodell med praktiska försök. Målsättningen är att bestämma om beräkningsmodellen kan vara tillämplig i konstruktionsberäkningar. I ett tidigt skede hittades en kanadensisk beräkningsmodell där momentverkan i spikparen för dubbelspikade brädor motstår skjuvbelastningen, denna modell användes i de teoretiska beräkningarna.

I studien har en litteraturstudie, laborationsförsök och beräkningar på en typisk 1,5-plans villa genomförts. Litteraturstudien utfördes för att erhålla kunskap gällande skjuvkapacitet i konstruktioner av trä. De praktiska försöken utfördes på totalt tretton provkroppar med tre olika monteringar. Provkropparna byggdes som 2,4 x 2,5 m stora väggelement där råspontluckor monterades på stående reglar med ett cc om 1200 mm. Föregående de praktiska försöken beräknades provkropparnas skjuvkapacitet enligt den kanadensiska beräkningsmodellen för att undersöka överensstämmelsen mellan teori och verklighet. Efter de praktiska försöken utfördes ett beräkningsexempel där den kanadensiska modellen applicerades på en villa för att undersöka om beräkningsmodellen även gav acceptabla resultat för horisontalstabiliseringen.

Resultatet från de praktiska försöken visade att beräkningsmodellen gav korrekta värden på skjuvkapaciteten i råspontkonstruktioner då enskilda råspontbrädor dubbelspikades på de underliggande reglarna. Då råspontluckor med stift mellan de individuella brädorna dubbelspikades fast på reglarna var skjuvkapaciteten ungefär dubbelt så stor som den teoretiska. Det konstaterades därefter att stiftningen mellan brädorna i råspontluckorna både ökade bärförmågan och styvheten i konstruktionen. Generalskarv, friktion och små skillnader i fuktkvot påverkar inte hållfastheten nämnvärt. I beräkningsexemplet tillämpades sedan beräkningsmodellen på en 1,5-plans villa med stora snö- och vindlaster och resultaten visade att råsponten har erforderlig skjuvkapacitet för att verka stabiliserande i takkonstruktionen utan att bidraget från stiften inkluderas. (Less)
Popular Abstract (Swedish)
I svenska småhus har råspont använts som underlagstak i årtionden. Trots den långa erfarenheten finns det idag ingen etablerad metod för att beräkna om råsponten kan göra huset stabilt. Därför undersöks detta i denna studie genom att jämföra resultat från praktiska laborationer med beräkningar. Resultaten visar att den använda modellen går att tillämpa på en 1,5-plans villa och att råsponten stabiliserar villan med god marginal.
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Estlund, Jacob LU and Persson, Maxine
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Horizontal stability in single-family houses - Tongue-and-groove planking as a stabilizing structural system in roofs
course
VBKM01 20201
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
råspont, råspontluckor, horisontalstabilisering, småhus, skjuvkapacitet, tak, träbyggande
publication/series
TVBK-5273
report number
TVBK-5273
ISSN
0349-4969
language
Swedish
additional info
Examinator: Eva Frühwald Hansson
id
9017555
date added to LUP
2020-06-15 10:50:11
date last changed
2020-06-15 10:50:11
@misc{9017555,
  abstract     = {{Each year, approximately 10 000 single-family houses are built in Sweden, a majority of which are timber-framed. Even larger buildings are more commonly being designed with timber structural systems as wood is considered having a lesser impact on the environment compared to steel and concrete. In most single-family houses, prefabricated timber roof trusses are used in combination with tongue-and-groove planking as the load-carrying roof structure. The planking is partially used in order to distribute the vertical loads but also in order to stabilize the structure against horizontal loads. Even though tongue-and-groove planking has been used for decades in single-family houses, there is currently no established method, in Sweden, in order to calculate its in-plane load-carrying capacity.

Generally it is currently not required to check the horizontal stability of single-family houses, however, in the early 2000s several collapses in timber-structures occurred throughout Europe due to insufficient horizontal stability. Thus, there is a possibility that the requirements in Eurocode might be tightened. Therefore, there is an interest in being able to confirm the adequacy of the lateral stability even in small houses. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to investigate the accuracy of theoretical calculations by comparing theoretical results with experimental results. The objective is to conclude whether or not a design-equation is applicable in structural engineering calculations. In the early stages of the literature review, a canadian equation was found which uses the force-couples in every pair of nails to calculate the structure's in-plane shear-capacity.

In this thesis, a literature review, tests and calculations were carried out. The literature study was conducted in order to gain knowledge regarding the in-plane shear capacity of timber structures. The tests comprised a total of 13 specimens with three different assemblies. The specimens were 2,4 x 2,5 m elements consisting of tongue-and-groove sheets with pins nailed to timber studs with a cc of 1200 mm. Before the tests were carried out, theoretical calculations of the specimen's racking strength were executed. Finally, an example of how the theoretical equation could be applied in a typical 1,5-storey single-family house was conducted with the intention to investigate whether or not the results were sufficient to handle the lateral stability.

The results from the tests showed that in the specimen where the pins were removed and individual planks were used, the equation gave an accurate estimation of the in-plane shear capacity whereas the specimen with pins had a capacity more than twice that of the calculated value. Furthermore, the stiffness in the specimens with pins were significantly higher than in the specimen without. It was also concluded that the jointing method in between the sheets, friction and the moisture content did not appear to affect the strength. In the example, the design-equation was applied to a 1,5-storey single-family house exposed to large snow- and wind loads and it was concluded that the tongue-and-groove planking provided sufficient lateral stability without considering the extra capacity from the pins.}},
  author       = {{Estlund, Jacob and Persson, Maxine}},
  issn         = {{0349-4969}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  series       = {{TVBK-5273}},
  title        = {{Horisontalstabilisering i småhus - Råspont som stabiliserande system i tak}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}