Viscosity of carbon dioxide expanded ethanol. – The Hagen-Poiseuille method
(2021) KEMR10 20212Department of Chemistry
- Abstract
- Introduction: Knowing the viscosity of carbon dioxide expanded solvents is important in extraction and chromatography processes due to its effect on mass transfer.
Background: Rather few studies on viscosity of carbon dioxide expanded ethanol at different pressures, temperatures, and molar ratios exist.
Aim(s): Building a system and validating a method to determine the viscosity of supercritical carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide expanded ethanol.
Methods: A method based on the Hagen-Poiseuille equation is used. Fluid is pumped through a tube and the pressure at the beginning and end of the tube is measured. From the difference in pressure the viscosity can be calculated.
Results: Viscosity of carbon dioxide expanded ethanol... (More) - Introduction: Knowing the viscosity of carbon dioxide expanded solvents is important in extraction and chromatography processes due to its effect on mass transfer.
Background: Rather few studies on viscosity of carbon dioxide expanded ethanol at different pressures, temperatures, and molar ratios exist.
Aim(s): Building a system and validating a method to determine the viscosity of supercritical carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide expanded ethanol.
Methods: A method based on the Hagen-Poiseuille equation is used. Fluid is pumped through a tube and the pressure at the beginning and end of the tube is measured. From the difference in pressure the viscosity can be calculated.
Results: Viscosity of carbon dioxide expanded ethanol was determined at 250 bar and 40 °C; 150 bar and 60 °C; and at 250 bar and 60 °C; using carbon dioxide molar ratios of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5, respectively. Viscosity of pure ethanol and pure supercritical carbon dioxide were also determined. The difference between the viscosity values of pure ethanol estimated in this study and reported in the literature was between -5 and -23 % (higher difference due to slightly different temperature used in literature). Corresponding data for supercritical carbon dioxide was between 2 and 14 % but with a larger relative standard deviation of between 24 and 42 % (compared to 7 % for pure ethanol).
Conclusion: The experimental setup has a fairly large difference between the determined viscosity and literature viscosity. The experimental method does however show promising results for the future if only smaller modifications are performed, such as installing new pressure sensors. (Less) - Popular Abstract
- Measuring viscosity
Carbon dioxide is a gas at ambient conditions that is mostly associated with global warming and something living animals are breathing out. This carbon dioxide gas can also be used in analytical chemistry. If carbon dioxide is put under enough pressure and heat, we get a supercritical fluid. You can think of a supercritical fluid as something in-between a liquid and a gas, with density like a liquid and viscosity like a gas. This supercritical carbon dioxide can be used in separation processes, such as chromatography and extraction. In this work the viscosity of neat supercritical carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide mixed with ethanol have been determined. Think of the change in viscosity the next time you are about to... (More) - Measuring viscosity
Carbon dioxide is a gas at ambient conditions that is mostly associated with global warming and something living animals are breathing out. This carbon dioxide gas can also be used in analytical chemistry. If carbon dioxide is put under enough pressure and heat, we get a supercritical fluid. You can think of a supercritical fluid as something in-between a liquid and a gas, with density like a liquid and viscosity like a gas. This supercritical carbon dioxide can be used in separation processes, such as chromatography and extraction. In this work the viscosity of neat supercritical carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide mixed with ethanol have been determined. Think of the change in viscosity the next time you are about to deep-fry something. When you pour the oil in the pan it is viscous and as you heat it up it flows more easily. Or think of honey, in the store you can buy two types of honey. One that is not freely flowing and requires a knife to spread it and a more easily flowing honey in a squeeze bottle. Viscosity of fluids is an important parameter in chromatography and extraction processes, as fluids are used to transport chemical substances from and/or through solid materials. If the fluid viscosity is lowered the transport process is more efficient and the flow resistance is reduced. Rather few have determined the viscosity of carbon dioxide mixed with ethanol, and this is the aim of this work. Mixing carbon dioxide into the ethanol lowers the viscosity, compared to pure ethanol.
In this work an experimental setup is built that can determine the viscosity of supercritical carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide mixed with ethanol. The method used in this work is based on that a fluid is pumped inside a tube, and that there will be a pressure difference at the beginning and end of the tube. This pressure difference is due to the viscosity of the fluid. By measuring the pressure difference and knowing the velocity of the pumped fluid the viscosity can be calculated. In this work the viscosity is determined at 40 °C and 60 °C at pressures of 150 bar and 250 bar and at different ratios of carbon dioxide to ethanol. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9069025
- author
- Steen, Emil LU
- supervisor
- organization
- course
- KEMR10 20212
- year
- 2021
- type
- H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
- subject
- keywords
- Carbon dioxide, Ethanol, Hagen-Poiseuille, Pressure, Viscosity, Analytical chemistry
- language
- English
- id
- 9069025
- date added to LUP
- 2022-01-11 09:31:17
- date last changed
- 2022-01-11 09:31:17
@misc{9069025,
abstract = {{Introduction: Knowing the viscosity of carbon dioxide expanded solvents is important in extraction and chromatography processes due to its effect on mass transfer.
Background: Rather few studies on viscosity of carbon dioxide expanded ethanol at different pressures, temperatures, and molar ratios exist.
Aim(s): Building a system and validating a method to determine the viscosity of supercritical carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide expanded ethanol.
Methods: A method based on the Hagen-Poiseuille equation is used. Fluid is pumped through a tube and the pressure at the beginning and end of the tube is measured. From the difference in pressure the viscosity can be calculated.
Results: Viscosity of carbon dioxide expanded ethanol was determined at 250 bar and 40 °C; 150 bar and 60 °C; and at 250 bar and 60 °C; using carbon dioxide molar ratios of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5, respectively. Viscosity of pure ethanol and pure supercritical carbon dioxide were also determined. The difference between the viscosity values of pure ethanol estimated in this study and reported in the literature was between -5 and -23 % (higher difference due to slightly different temperature used in literature). Corresponding data for supercritical carbon dioxide was between 2 and 14 % but with a larger relative standard deviation of between 24 and 42 % (compared to 7 % for pure ethanol).
Conclusion: The experimental setup has a fairly large difference between the determined viscosity and literature viscosity. The experimental method does however show promising results for the future if only smaller modifications are performed, such as installing new pressure sensors.}},
author = {{Steen, Emil}},
language = {{eng}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Viscosity of carbon dioxide expanded ethanol. – The Hagen-Poiseuille method}},
year = {{2021}},
}