Measurement Systems for Estimating Imposed Loads
(2022) VBKM01 20221Division of Structural Engineering
- Abstract
- The construction sector stands for eleven percent of the carbon dioxide emissions in the world WorldGBC (2019). To minimize that impact, the construction sector must take a closer look at improving the sustainability of buildings. One way to do this would be to have a more accurate understanding of the loads that affect buildings, including the so-called imposed load. The imposed load includes loads that arise due to the normal occupancy of humans and furniture. This load is of particular interest due to timber having a relatively low self-weight in relation to the imposed loads.
The aim of this study is to investigate how accurately different measurement systems can measure imposed loads in buildings. Today imposed loads are based on... (More) - The construction sector stands for eleven percent of the carbon dioxide emissions in the world WorldGBC (2019). To minimize that impact, the construction sector must take a closer look at improving the sustainability of buildings. One way to do this would be to have a more accurate understanding of the loads that affect buildings, including the so-called imposed load. The imposed load includes loads that arise due to the normal occupancy of humans and furniture. This load is of particular interest due to timber having a relatively low self-weight in relation to the imposed loads.
The aim of this study is to investigate how accurately different measurement systems can measure imposed loads in buildings. Today imposed loads are based on outdated research with limited grounds. There are not enough studies conducted to be able to determine an accurate design load. To find a more accurate design load the accuracy of the measurement systems was tested in a few different situations. The tests were limited to strain gauges and potentiometers and were conducted on a cross laminated timber (CLT) slab which was then subjected to different loads. By comparing the real loads to the calculated loads from the measurements, it was possible to find the uncertainty associated with these measurements. By implementing measurement systems in real load situations, a broader database of real loads could be collected. This could in turn lead to finding an improved value for the imposed loads.
The study concluded that it was possible to measure the load on a CLT slab with the help of strain gauges and potentiometers. The best overall accuracy had an error of eight percent for a centrally placed strain gauge and the average error was about twenty percent. It could therefore be concluded that measurement systems could be a solution to finding a more accurate imposed load, which would allow for more precise dimensions and more efficient material usage. This may in turn have a great impact on improving sustainability within the building sector. (Less) - Abstract (Swedish)
- Byggbranschen står för elva procent av koldioxidutsläppen i världen (WorldGBC, 2019). För att minimera den påverkan måste byggbranschen förbättra byggnaders hållbarhet. Detta skulle kunna göras genom att få en mer exakt förståelse för de laster som påverkar byggnader. En av de laster som påverkar dimensioneringen av byggnader är den nyttiga lasten. Den nyttiga lasten beror på belastningar som uppstår på grund av människors vanliga bruk av byggnader. När det gäller nyttiga laster bör särskild fokus läggas på träkonstruktioner. Detta på grund av att trä har en relativt låg egenvikt och påverkas därför i en större utsträckning av de nyttiga lasterna.
Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka och konstatera mätprecisionen för olika... (More) - Byggbranschen står för elva procent av koldioxidutsläppen i världen (WorldGBC, 2019). För att minimera den påverkan måste byggbranschen förbättra byggnaders hållbarhet. Detta skulle kunna göras genom att få en mer exakt förståelse för de laster som påverkar byggnader. En av de laster som påverkar dimensioneringen av byggnader är den nyttiga lasten. Den nyttiga lasten beror på belastningar som uppstår på grund av människors vanliga bruk av byggnader. När det gäller nyttiga laster bör särskild fokus läggas på träkonstruktioner. Detta på grund av att trä har en relativt låg egenvikt och påverkas därför i en större utsträckning av de nyttiga lasterna.
Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka och konstatera mätprecisionen för olika mätsystem. Om en tillräckligt bra precision uppnås kan det finnas möjlighet att utnyttja mätsystem för att hitta ett mer verkligt värde för de nyttiga lasterna. Detta skulle uppnås genom att använda mätsystemen för att samla in data från verkliga situationer. De dimensionerande värdena för nyttiga laster består idag av utdaterad forskning med en begränsad grund. Det finns inte tillräckligt många studier utförda för att kunna fastställa en exakt dimensionerande last, särskilt för en last som har så pass stor inflytande på dimensioneringen. För att hitta en mer exakt dimensionerande last testades mätsystemens noggrannhet i några olika situationer. Testerna var begränsade till töjningsgivare och potentiometer och utfördes på ett bjälklag av korslimmat trä (KL-trä) som sedan utsattes för olika belastningar. Genom att jämföra de verkliga lasterna med de beräknade laster från mätningarna, var det möjligt att konstatera noggrannheten hos dessa mätningar.
Examensarbetets slutsats visade att det var möjligt att mäta belastningen på ett KL-träbjälklag med hjälp av töjningsgivare och potentiometrar. Den mest noggranna mätningen hade en felmarginal på åtta procent för ett centralt placerat mätsystem och medelvärdet för felmarginalen var cirka tjugo procent. Sådan precision har potential till att ytterligare precisera värdet för den nyttiga lasten, vilket skulle möjliggöra mer exakta dimensioner och effektivare materialanvändning. Detta kan i sin tur ha en positiv påverkan på byggsektorns framtida hållbarhet. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9094583
- author
- Doggett, Cassandra LU
- supervisor
- organization
- alternative title
- Mätsystem för att uppskatta nyttiga laster
- course
- VBKM01 20221
- year
- 2022
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- keywords
- strain gauge, potentiometer, measurement system, sensor, cross laminated timber, imposed load, live load, design standard, sustainability, CLT
- report number
- TVBK-5292
- ISSN
- 0349-4969
- language
- English
- additional info
- Handledare: Ivar Björnsson och Oskar Larsson Ivanov
Examinator: Eva Frühwald Hansson - id
- 9094583
- date added to LUP
- 2022-08-24 11:14:02
- date last changed
- 2022-08-24 11:14:02
@misc{9094583,
abstract = {{The construction sector stands for eleven percent of the carbon dioxide emissions in the world WorldGBC (2019). To minimize that impact, the construction sector must take a closer look at improving the sustainability of buildings. One way to do this would be to have a more accurate understanding of the loads that affect buildings, including the so-called imposed load. The imposed load includes loads that arise due to the normal occupancy of humans and furniture. This load is of particular interest due to timber having a relatively low self-weight in relation to the imposed loads.
The aim of this study is to investigate how accurately different measurement systems can measure imposed loads in buildings. Today imposed loads are based on outdated research with limited grounds. There are not enough studies conducted to be able to determine an accurate design load. To find a more accurate design load the accuracy of the measurement systems was tested in a few different situations. The tests were limited to strain gauges and potentiometers and were conducted on a cross laminated timber (CLT) slab which was then subjected to different loads. By comparing the real loads to the calculated loads from the measurements, it was possible to find the uncertainty associated with these measurements. By implementing measurement systems in real load situations, a broader database of real loads could be collected. This could in turn lead to finding an improved value for the imposed loads.
The study concluded that it was possible to measure the load on a CLT slab with the help of strain gauges and potentiometers. The best overall accuracy had an error of eight percent for a centrally placed strain gauge and the average error was about twenty percent. It could therefore be concluded that measurement systems could be a solution to finding a more accurate imposed load, which would allow for more precise dimensions and more efficient material usage. This may in turn have a great impact on improving sustainability within the building sector.}},
author = {{Doggett, Cassandra}},
issn = {{0349-4969}},
language = {{eng}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Measurement Systems for Estimating Imposed Loads}},
year = {{2022}},
}