Antenna Arrays for Dual-Frequency Harmonic Radar Application
(2023) EITM02 20201Department of Electrical and Information Technology
- Abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to design two patch antenna arrays for dual-frequency harmonic radar application, one for the transmitter and the other for the receiver. The arrays are used to track the Bogong moth that migrates from the countryside to the Australian Alps during spring. The tracking is done at the radar by operating the transmitter at one frequency and the receiver at twice the frequency. A transponder is attached to the target which doubles the frequency of the signal received from the transmitter before sending the signal back to the receiver.
The antenna arrays at the radar are designed with the ISM band (unlicensed spectrum) of 5.8GHz for the transmitter and 11.6GHz for the receiver. Coupling and polarization play a... (More) - The aim of this thesis is to design two patch antenna arrays for dual-frequency harmonic radar application, one for the transmitter and the other for the receiver. The arrays are used to track the Bogong moth that migrates from the countryside to the Australian Alps during spring. The tracking is done at the radar by operating the transmitter at one frequency and the receiver at twice the frequency. A transponder is attached to the target which doubles the frequency of the signal received from the transmitter before sending the signal back to the receiver.
The antenna arrays at the radar are designed with the ISM band (unlicensed spectrum) of 5.8GHz for the transmitter and 11.6GHz for the receiver. Coupling and polarization play a major role in the patch antenna array design and these aspects are studied in this thesis. Based on the compatibility in the radar system the maximum allowed size of the antenna arrays should be less than or equal to 200×300mm. We have chosen RT/duroid 5880 substrate for both the transmitter and receiver antenna arrays with the permittivity of 2.20. Based on a previous study, at 5.8GHz we are supposed to get a gain of 20dBi at the transmitter array and 26dBi at the receiver array. Also, the bandwidth of the system is expected to be 50MHz. According to the planar array the aperture efficiency should be between 0.6 to 0.8 for the antenna arrays. We used FEKO, an electromagnetic simulation software, to design the antenna arrays. An edge port is used in the simulation as a source of power supply for the antenna arrays.
Upon designing the antenna arrays in the simulation software, various parameters have been examined. On that note, we obtained acceptable reflection coefficient, input impedance, and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). The simulated bandwidth, for the VSWR of less than 1.5, is verified in experiment. We used an SMA (Sub Miniature version A) connector for both the antenna arrays in the fabrication. We achieved a simulated gain of 15dBi at the transmitter array and 16dBi at the receiver antenna array. (Less) - Popular Abstract
- In Australia, billions of Bogong moths migrate from the countryside to the Australian Alps due to the unbearable hot weather. They migrate during the spring from different parts of the country, and they travel along thousands of kilometres and stay in the Alps for four months and then they return to their places of origin after the hot weather.
It has always been a mystery for scientists regarding how these moths travel a long way and settle down in the Alps together for several months. In order to solve this mystery, some scientists decide to track the moths using a radar system which monitors their movement. Practically, it is not possible to track all the moths, so the initial idea is to track a thousand of them using a miniature... (More) - In Australia, billions of Bogong moths migrate from the countryside to the Australian Alps due to the unbearable hot weather. They migrate during the spring from different parts of the country, and they travel along thousands of kilometres and stay in the Alps for four months and then they return to their places of origin after the hot weather.
It has always been a mystery for scientists regarding how these moths travel a long way and settle down in the Alps together for several months. In order to solve this mystery, some scientists decide to track the moths using a radar system which monitors their movement. Practically, it is not possible to track all the moths, so the initial idea is to track a thousand of them using a miniature diode placed on each of their bodies.
The radar system which will be used for the tracking has a transmitter and a receiver antenna array. These arrays operate in different frequencies, the transmitter antenna array operates in one frequency and the receiver antenna array operates in another frequency. Thus, a harmonic radar is used such that the transmitted signal frequency is doubled by the transponder at the target and the return signal is received at a different frequency at the receiver array.
This thesis deals with the design of the antenna arrays and the techniques used for designing the antenna. The final design of fabricated antenna arrays is shown in the figures below. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9112740
- author
- Raja, Venkatesh LU and Mohammad, Mohammad Zafar
- supervisor
- organization
- course
- EITM02 20201
- year
- 2023
- type
- H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
- subject
- report number
- LU/LTH-EIT 2023-916
- language
- English
- id
- 9112740
- date added to LUP
- 2023-05-02 13:22:14
- date last changed
- 2024-01-01 03:42:28
@misc{9112740,
abstract = {{The aim of this thesis is to design two patch antenna arrays for dual-frequency harmonic radar application, one for the transmitter and the other for the receiver. The arrays are used to track the Bogong moth that migrates from the countryside to the Australian Alps during spring. The tracking is done at the radar by operating the transmitter at one frequency and the receiver at twice the frequency. A transponder is attached to the target which doubles the frequency of the signal received from the transmitter before sending the signal back to the receiver.
The antenna arrays at the radar are designed with the ISM band (unlicensed spectrum) of 5.8GHz for the transmitter and 11.6GHz for the receiver. Coupling and polarization play a major role in the patch antenna array design and these aspects are studied in this thesis. Based on the compatibility in the radar system the maximum allowed size of the antenna arrays should be less than or equal to 200×300mm. We have chosen RT/duroid 5880 substrate for both the transmitter and receiver antenna arrays with the permittivity of 2.20. Based on a previous study, at 5.8GHz we are supposed to get a gain of 20dBi at the transmitter array and 26dBi at the receiver array. Also, the bandwidth of the system is expected to be 50MHz. According to the planar array the aperture efficiency should be between 0.6 to 0.8 for the antenna arrays. We used FEKO, an electromagnetic simulation software, to design the antenna arrays. An edge port is used in the simulation as a source of power supply for the antenna arrays.
Upon designing the antenna arrays in the simulation software, various parameters have been examined. On that note, we obtained acceptable reflection coefficient, input impedance, and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). The simulated bandwidth, for the VSWR of less than 1.5, is verified in experiment. We used an SMA (Sub Miniature version A) connector for both the antenna arrays in the fabrication. We achieved a simulated gain of 15dBi at the transmitter array and 16dBi at the receiver antenna array.}},
author = {{Raja, Venkatesh and Mohammad, Mohammad Zafar}},
language = {{eng}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Antenna Arrays for Dual-Frequency Harmonic Radar Application}},
year = {{2023}},
}