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Byggs det bättre med dagens BBR-krav?

Johnsson, Hannah LU and Pütter, Isabelle LU (2024) ABAL02 20241
Department of Architecture and Built Environment
Abstract
Do we build better buildings with today’s requirements?
This work concerns a comparative study between a political investment in apartment buildings for families with many children [Barnrikehus] from the 1930s and 1940s and newly produced apartment buildings with a focus on daylight and energy performance.

The study employs various methods, including the comparative method, literature search, archive search, calculations in VIP Energy and Velux Daylight Visualizer. The report also discusses material selection, construction, ventilation, and the actors involved in the construction process.

Today, it has become increasingly important to consider sustainable development. The construction industry is responsible for almost 40% of global... (More)
Do we build better buildings with today’s requirements?
This work concerns a comparative study between a political investment in apartment buildings for families with many children [Barnrikehus] from the 1930s and 1940s and newly produced apartment buildings with a focus on daylight and energy performance.

The study employs various methods, including the comparative method, literature search, archive search, calculations in VIP Energy and Velux Daylight Visualizer. The report also discusses material selection, construction, ventilation, and the actors involved in the construction process.

Today, it has become increasingly important to consider sustainable development. The construction industry is responsible for almost 40% of global energy related carbon emissions. Therefore, economizing with resources is important to reach the goals in Agenda 2030, which Sweden is working to achieve. The purpose of this study is to see how buildings built in 1930s and 1940s relate to today’s requirements from Boverket and to new buildings. Do the new requirements adjust the new buildings to the better or worse? Are there qualities from the 1930s and 1940s that can be used today? These are some of the questions that the study will answer, with a focus on daylight and energy performance.

Housing conditions in Sweden were poor in the beginning of the 20th century, and poverty was widespread. In 1932, when the Social Democrats formed a government, the state began to take greater responsibility for the economy. This led to an investigation and investment in buildings for families with many children in 1935 to address overcrowding. The discontinuation of the investment in these buildings came later due to economic and social factors, and in 1948, the state ceased to provide loans for new construction of these residences.

The study utilizes the program Velux Daylight Visualizer to calculate the daylight factor, providing more precise results by considering direct sunlight, light from vertical surfaces, and reflections within the room. The program is based on a 3D model of the room and provides the result in daylight factor, indicating the amount of daylight in different parts of the room. It enables optimization of daylight, visualization of light with photorealistic images, and measurement of light quantity and distribution.

VIP Energy, a calculation program, is used to assess the energy performance of buildings. The program simulates changes in energy flow annually and hourly, considering factors such as air temperature, solar radiation, wind, and humidity. Without the requirements set by Boverket – the Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning, these improvements likely would not have occurred, which is positive for the environment, climate, and economy.

To conclude, there is an aim to build energy efficient buildings and if there were no requirements of daylight, the result could be very dark buildings, even if they meet other requirements. In this case, people's health would suffer due to lack of daylight. In contrary, if apartments would have large window areas to maximize daylight intake, the primary energy would have increased significantly. A lot of energy would be used for heating, which is negative in terms of energy consumption and the environment. Both aspects need to be regulated to ensure that the requirements do not override each other. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
I dagens samhälle är hållbar utveckling av största vikt, och Sverige arbetar aktivt för att uppnå målen i Agenda 2030. Bland annat inom byggbranschen är det nödvändigt att vara sparsam med resurser och minska utsläppen av växthusgaser (Co2). Under senare tid har det byggts ett stort antal bostäder i Sverige men behovet är fortsatt stort (även om branschen just nu är inne i en lågkonjunktur). Vi vill bli bättre på återbruk men hur är det med det redan byggda bostadsbeståndet? Hur lever de upp till dagens byggregler och standarder formulerade av Boverket (BBR). Syftet med arbetet är att genom undersökningar och beräkningar undersöka hur barnrikehus. Närmare bestämt hur ett smalhus respektive tjockhus från 1930-och 1940-talen lever upp till... (More)
I dagens samhälle är hållbar utveckling av största vikt, och Sverige arbetar aktivt för att uppnå målen i Agenda 2030. Bland annat inom byggbranschen är det nödvändigt att vara sparsam med resurser och minska utsläppen av växthusgaser (Co2). Under senare tid har det byggts ett stort antal bostäder i Sverige men behovet är fortsatt stort (även om branschen just nu är inne i en lågkonjunktur). Vi vill bli bättre på återbruk men hur är det med det redan byggda bostadsbeståndet? Hur lever de upp till dagens byggregler och standarder formulerade av Boverket (BBR). Syftet med arbetet är att genom undersökningar och beräkningar undersöka hur barnrikehus. Närmare bestämt hur ett smalhus respektive tjockhus från 1930-och 1940-talen lever upp till dagens krav i BBR, samt hur de ställer sig tex mot en nybyggd bostad? Har kraven i BBR till skillnad från dåtidens byggteknik påverkat nutidens byggteknik på ett positivt sätt? Arbetet ger en djupare förståelse för hur äldre kvaliteter kan identifieras och tillämpas på nya byggnader samt förbättrar kunskapen om de kvaliteter som redan finns i byggnader med fokus på dagsljus och energiprestanda.

Bostadsförhållandena under 1900-talets början var dåliga och fattigdomen utbredd. År 1932, när Socialdemokraterna bildade regering, började staten ta ett större ansvar för samhällsekonomin och bostadssituationen i landet. Det ledde till en bostadssocial utredning som resulterade i en satsning på barnrikehusen 1935 för att lösa trångboddheten. Dessa bostäder byggdes sedan fram till år 1948. I denna studie är det två flerfamiljshus från denna tidsperiod som valts ut och jämförs med dagens krav i BBR samt nybyggda bostäder.

I studien används flera olika metoder; komparativ metod, litteratursökning, arkivsökning, beräkningar i VIP energy och Velux daylight visualizer. I rapporten diskuteras även materialval, konstruktion, ventilation och byggprocessens aktörer.

Studien använder Velux Daylight Visualizer för att beräkna dagsljusfaktorn. Programmet baseras på en 3D-modell av en lägenhet som ger resultatet i dagsljusfaktor, och visar därmed mängden dagsljus i olika delar av rummet. Resultatet visade att skillnaden mellan husdjup påverkar möjligheten att uppfylla dagsljuskraven, där djupare hus möter svårigheter medan de smalare klarar kraven utan problem. För att anpassas till dagens standard krävs därför flexibla planlösningar, särskilt i tjockhus där rummen ofta blir mörkare. Planering av byggnadsplacering och byggnadstyper är också viktigt för att maximera dagsljusinsläppet och detta blir mer aktuellt när det byggs tätare.

VIP-Energy är ett beräkningsprogram som används för att bedöma byggnadernas energiprestanda. Programmet simulerar förändringar i energiflöde per år, timme och med hänsyn till faktorer som lufttemperatur, sol, vind och luftfuktighet. Resultatet påvisar att det är betydligt lägre primärenergital i de äldre byggnaderna idag till skillnad mot förr, till följd av upprustningar såsom energiåtgärder och renoveringar för att nå de nya kraven. Utan Boverkets krav hade sannolikt inte dessa förbättringar skett, vilket är positivt för miljön, klimatet och ekonomin. Studien visar också att samspelet mellan Boverkets krav och utformning är viktig. Utan kraven skulle byggnaderna ha uppförts utan tillgänglighetsanpassning och utan andra viktiga krav. Men dessa krav bör inte vara så stränga att de påverkar arkitekturen negativt. Sammanfattningsvis visar studien att Boverkets krav har lett till betydande energibesparingar men att det är viktigt att balansera dessa krav mot den befintliga arkitekturens utformning för att bevara kvalitéer och slutligen att dagsljus är av stor vikt i byggnader. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Johnsson, Hannah LU and Pütter, Isabelle LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Do we build better buildings with today’s requirements?
course
ABAL02 20241
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Barnrikehus, Tjockhus, Smalhus, VIP-Energy, Velux Daylight Visualizer, Dagsljus, Energiprestanda, Malmö
language
Swedish
id
9158563
date added to LUP
2024-06-13 13:36:28
date last changed
2024-06-13 13:36:28
@misc{9158563,
  abstract     = {{Do we build better buildings with today’s requirements?
This work concerns a comparative study between a political investment in apartment buildings for families with many children [Barnrikehus] from the 1930s and 1940s and newly produced apartment buildings with a focus on daylight and energy performance.

The study employs various methods, including the comparative method, literature search, archive search, calculations in VIP Energy and Velux Daylight Visualizer. The report also discusses material selection, construction, ventilation, and the actors involved in the construction process.

Today, it has become increasingly important to consider sustainable development. The construction industry is responsible for almost 40% of global energy related carbon emissions. Therefore, economizing with resources is important to reach the goals in Agenda 2030, which Sweden is working to achieve. The purpose of this study is to see how buildings built in 1930s and 1940s relate to today’s requirements from Boverket and to new buildings. Do the new requirements adjust the new buildings to the better or worse? Are there qualities from the 1930s and 1940s that can be used today? These are some of the questions that the study will answer, with a focus on daylight and energy performance.

Housing conditions in Sweden were poor in the beginning of the 20th century, and poverty was widespread. In 1932, when the Social Democrats formed a government, the state began to take greater responsibility for the economy. This led to an investigation and investment in buildings for families with many children in 1935 to address overcrowding. The discontinuation of the investment in these buildings came later due to economic and social factors, and in 1948, the state ceased to provide loans for new construction of these residences.

The study utilizes the program Velux Daylight Visualizer to calculate the daylight factor, providing more precise results by considering direct sunlight, light from vertical surfaces, and reflections within the room. The program is based on a 3D model of the room and provides the result in daylight factor, indicating the amount of daylight in different parts of the room. It enables optimization of daylight, visualization of light with photorealistic images, and measurement of light quantity and distribution.

VIP Energy, a calculation program, is used to assess the energy performance of buildings. The program simulates changes in energy flow annually and hourly, considering factors such as air temperature, solar radiation, wind, and humidity. Without the requirements set by Boverket – the Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning, these improvements likely would not have occurred, which is positive for the environment, climate, and economy.

To conclude, there is an aim to build energy efficient buildings and if there were no requirements of daylight, the result could be very dark buildings, even if they meet other requirements. In this case, people's health would suffer due to lack of daylight. In contrary, if apartments would have large window areas to maximize daylight intake, the primary energy would have increased significantly. A lot of energy would be used for heating, which is negative in terms of energy consumption and the environment. Both aspects need to be regulated to ensure that the requirements do not override each other.}},
  author       = {{Johnsson, Hannah and Pütter, Isabelle}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Byggs det bättre med dagens BBR-krav?}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}