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Avbeställningsrättens historiska utveckling – En rättshistorisk studie av avbeställningsrätt i tillverkningsavtal från 1800-talet till nutid

Salander, Anna LU (2026) JURM02 20261
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Till avtalstypen tillverkningsavtal hör olika avtal om tillverkning av produkter, exempelvis båtar, flygplan, klädesplagg och entreprenader. Avtalen kan klassificeras antingen som tillverkningsköp eller som materiella uppdragsavtal, baserat på vilken part som tillhandahåller materialet för tillverkningen. Det får i sin tur avgörande betydelse för den rättsliga regleringen. Köplagen är direkt tillämplig på tillverkningsköp, medan det i stort sett saknas lagreglering för materiella uppdragsavtal.

I praktiken förekommer det att köparen eller beställaren i ett tillverkningsavtal av någon anledning vill avbryta avtalet. Exempelvis kan ekonomiska förhållanden ha förändrats eller så finns inte längre samma behov för produkten. Frågan uppkommer... (More)
Till avtalstypen tillverkningsavtal hör olika avtal om tillverkning av produkter, exempelvis båtar, flygplan, klädesplagg och entreprenader. Avtalen kan klassificeras antingen som tillverkningsköp eller som materiella uppdragsavtal, baserat på vilken part som tillhandahåller materialet för tillverkningen. Det får i sin tur avgörande betydelse för den rättsliga regleringen. Köplagen är direkt tillämplig på tillverkningsköp, medan det i stort sett saknas lagreglering för materiella uppdragsavtal.

I praktiken förekommer det att köparen eller beställaren i ett tillverkningsavtal av någon anledning vill avbryta avtalet. Exempelvis kan ekonomiska förhållanden ha förändrats eller så finns inte längre samma behov för produkten. Frågan uppkommer då om beställaren har avbeställningsrätt. Det föreligger ingen generell avtalsrättslig regel om avbeställning i avtal mellan två näringsidkare. Det är istället en fråga som får avgöras särskilt för varje avtalstyp.

I 52 § andra stycket köplagen medges en reglerad avbeställningsrätt, mot ersättningsskyldighet intill det positiva kontraktsintresset. En snarlik avbeställningsrätt anses även föreligga för materiella uppdragsavtal som inte faller inom köplagens tillämpningsområde. Frågan om avbeställningsrätt aktualiserar däremot en grundläggande konflikt mellan principen om avtalsbundenhet och behovet av flexibilitet i långvariga och komplexa avtalsförhållanden.

Den rättshistoriska genomgången visar att synen på avbeställningsrätt i tillverkningsavtal har förändrats över tid. Under 1800-talet behandlades tillverkningsavtal inom ramen för arbetsbeting, där en sådan rätt generellt erkändes men saknade enhetlig reglering. Under 1900-talet, särskilt i samband med 1905 års köplag och senare rättsutveckling, kom frågan att diskuteras i hög utsträckning, främst mot bakgrund av att 1905 års köplag gjorde en gränsdragning mellan tillverkningsköp och andra tillverkningsavtal. Någon avbeställningsrätt medgavs inte i lagen. Diskussionen under 1900-talet utgick från överväganden och principer med anknytning till avbeställningsrätten. Ekonomiska argument, principen om avtalsbundenhet, avvägning mellan parternas intressen samt praktiska överväganden har alla spelat en central roll i utvecklingen. I slutet av 1900-talet trädde den nu gällande köplagen i kraft, där av-
beställningsrätt med ett antal villkor medges för tillverkningsköp.

Uppsatsen visar att gällande rätt kan förstås som ett resultat av en långvarig utveckling där motstående intressen har balanserats. Beställarens behov av flexibilitet har ställts mot tillverkarens intresse av avtalssäkerhet, där principen om avtalsbundenhet ofta får ge vika för ett mer flexibelt synsätt. Den historiska analysen bidrar till en fördjupad förståelse av varför rättsläget ser ut som det gör idag och vilka principer som ligger till grund för denna ordning. (Less)
Abstract
Manufacturing agreements do not constitute a uniform type of contract in Swedish law. Rather, this category comprises various agreements for the produce of goods, such as boats, aircraft, garments, and construction contracts. These contracts may be classified either as contracts for the sale of goods to be manufactured or as contracts for the supply of services, depending on which party supplies the material for the production. The Sale of Goods Act applies directly to contracts for the sale of goods to be manufactured, whereas there is, in general, a lack of statutory regulation for contracts on services.

Situations may arise where the buyer wishes to terminate the agreement prematurely. For example, economic circumstances may have... (More)
Manufacturing agreements do not constitute a uniform type of contract in Swedish law. Rather, this category comprises various agreements for the produce of goods, such as boats, aircraft, garments, and construction contracts. These contracts may be classified either as contracts for the sale of goods to be manufactured or as contracts for the supply of services, depending on which party supplies the material for the production. The Sale of Goods Act applies directly to contracts for the sale of goods to be manufactured, whereas there is, in general, a lack of statutory regulation for contracts on services.

Situations may arise where the buyer wishes to terminate the agreement prematurely. For example, economic circumstances may have changed, or the need for the product may no longer exist. This raises the question of whether the buyer has a right of cancellation. There is no general rule on cancellation in agreements between commercial parties; instead, the issue must be determined separately for each type of contract. Under Section 52(2) of the Sale of Goods Act, a right of cancellation is recognized, subject to an obligation to compensate the other party for his contractual interest. A similar right of cancellation is also considered to exist for contracts of services outside the scope of the Act. However, the question of cancellation gives rise to a fundamental tension between the principle of the binding nature of a contract and the need for flexibility in long-term and complex contractual relationships.

The legal-historical analysis demonstrates that the understanding of the right of cancellation in manufacturing agreements has evolved over time. During the nineteenth century, manufacturing contracts were treated within the framework of contracts for work and services, where such a right was generally acknowledged but lacked a uniform regulation. During the twentieth century, particularly in relation to the Sale of Goods Act of 1905, the issue was widely debated, as the Act introduced a distinction between contracts for the sale of goods to be manufactured and other manufacturing agreements, without providing a right of cancellation. The discussion was based on considerations and principles related to cancellation, where economic arguments, the binding nature of a contract, the balancing of the parties’ interests, and practical considerations all played a central role. Towards the end of the twentieth century, the current Sale of Goods Act entered into force, recognizing a right of cancellation for contracts for the sale of goods to be manufactured.

The thesis shows that the current legal position can be understood as the result of a long-term development in which competing interests have been balanced. The buyer’s need for flexibility has been considered against the manufacturer’s interest in certainty, with the principle of pacta sunt servanda often yield-ing to a more flexible approach. The historical analysis thus contributes to a deeper understanding of why the law has taken its present form and of the principles underlying the current regulation. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Salander, Anna LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The Historical Development of the Right of Cancellation: A Legal-Historical Study of Cancellation Rights in Manufacturing Contracts from the 19th Century to the Present
course
JURM02 20261
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
civilrätt, avtalsrätt, förmögenhetsrätt, rättshistoria, avbeställning, tillverkningsavtal, uppdragsavtal, kontraktsrätt.
language
Swedish
id
9226496
date added to LUP
2026-06-09 10:03:40
date last changed
2026-06-09 10:03:40
@misc{9226496,
  abstract     = {{Manufacturing agreements do not constitute a uniform type of contract in Swedish law. Rather, this category comprises various agreements for the produce of goods, such as boats, aircraft, garments, and construction contracts. These contracts may be classified either as contracts for the sale of goods to be manufactured or as contracts for the supply of services, depending on which party supplies the material for the production. The Sale of Goods Act applies directly to contracts for the sale of goods to be manufactured, whereas there is, in general, a lack of statutory regulation for contracts on services.

Situations may arise where the buyer wishes to terminate the agreement prematurely. For example, economic circumstances may have changed, or the need for the product may no longer exist. This raises the question of whether the buyer has a right of cancellation. There is no general rule on cancellation in agreements between commercial parties; instead, the issue must be determined separately for each type of contract. Under Section 52(2) of the Sale of Goods Act, a right of cancellation is recognized, subject to an obligation to compensate the other party for his contractual interest. A similar right of cancellation is also considered to exist for contracts of services outside the scope of the Act. However, the question of cancellation gives rise to a fundamental tension between the principle of the binding nature of a contract and the need for flexibility in long-term and complex contractual relationships.

The legal-historical analysis demonstrates that the understanding of the right of cancellation in manufacturing agreements has evolved over time. During the nineteenth century, manufacturing contracts were treated within the framework of contracts for work and services, where such a right was generally acknowledged but lacked a uniform regulation. During the twentieth century, particularly in relation to the Sale of Goods Act of 1905, the issue was widely debated, as the Act introduced a distinction between contracts for the sale of goods to be manufactured and other manufacturing agreements, without providing a right of cancellation. The discussion was based on considerations and principles related to cancellation, where economic arguments, the binding nature of a contract, the balancing of the parties’ interests, and practical considerations all played a central role. Towards the end of the twentieth century, the current Sale of Goods Act entered into force, recognizing a right of cancellation for contracts for the sale of goods to be manufactured.

The thesis shows that the current legal position can be understood as the result of a long-term development in which competing interests have been balanced. The buyer’s need for flexibility has been considered against the manufacturer’s interest in certainty, with the principle of pacta sunt servanda often yield-ing to a more flexible approach. The historical analysis thus contributes to a deeper understanding of why the law has taken its present form and of the principles underlying the current regulation.}},
  author       = {{Salander, Anna}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Avbeställningsrättens historiska utveckling – En rättshistorisk studie av avbeställningsrätt i tillverkningsavtal från 1800-talet till nutid}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}