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LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

En otidsenlig bulvan - En (kritisk) studie om hur bulvanregeln i kupongskattelagen ska förstås ur EU-rättslig kontext

Pecic, Vejsil LU (2026) JURM02 20261
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
År 1970 infördes en ny lagstiftning om källskatt i Sverige – Kupongskatte-lagen (1970:624) (KupL). Lagen reglerar den svenska beskattningen av utdelning från svenska bolag till utländska fysiska och juridiska personer som är begränsat skattskyldiga. I samband med att lagen infördes introdu-ceras en ny skatteflyktsbestämmelse i svensk rätt. Bestämmelsen finns i 4 § tredje stycket KupL har i modern tid kommit att kallas för bulvanregeln. Avsikten med bestämmelsen är att förhindra kringgående av kupongskatt. Bestämmelsen, som numera är av äldre datum, har dock en udda ordaly-delse och innehåller två vaga och oprecisa rekvisit, vilket gör bestämmel-sen svårtillämpad. Det finns sparsamma uttalanden i förarbeten och be-stämmelsen har i praktiken... (More)
År 1970 infördes en ny lagstiftning om källskatt i Sverige – Kupongskatte-lagen (1970:624) (KupL). Lagen reglerar den svenska beskattningen av utdelning från svenska bolag till utländska fysiska och juridiska personer som är begränsat skattskyldiga. I samband med att lagen infördes introdu-ceras en ny skatteflyktsbestämmelse i svensk rätt. Bestämmelsen finns i 4 § tredje stycket KupL har i modern tid kommit att kallas för bulvanregeln. Avsikten med bestämmelsen är att förhindra kringgående av kupongskatt. Bestämmelsen, som numera är av äldre datum, har dock en udda ordaly-delse och innehåller två vaga och oprecisa rekvisit, vilket gör bestämmel-sen svårtillämpad. Det finns sparsamma uttalanden i förarbeten och be-stämmelsen har i praktiken endast tillämpats en handfull av gånger. Det här gör att det idag råder ovisshet kring bestämmelsen och dess tillämpnings-område.
År 2015 antogs ändringsdirektivet i EU, och därmed infördes en ny anti-missbruksbestämmelse i moder-/dotterbolagsdirektivet. Den svenska lag-stiftaren gjorde då bedömningen att bestämmelsen var införd i svensk rätt genom bulvanregeln, varför bulvanregeln lämnades oförändrad. Sedan dess har såväl bulvanregeln som KupL i dess helhet genomgått flertal utred-ningar. Ingen av dessa har utmynnat i någon reform. Bulvanregeln lever därför kvar än idag, och likaså gör de problem som följer av bestämmelsen.
I den här uppsatsen undersöks bulvanregeln. Inledningsvis identifieras och systematisera såväl förarbeten som rättspraxis i syfte att fastställa gällande rätt. Därefter undersöks anti-missbruksbestämmelsen i art. 1.2 moder-/dotterbolagsdirektivet. På motsvarande sätt görs ett försök att kartlägga bestämmelsens syfte, struktur och tillämpningsområde. Dessa delar utgör grunden för den slutliga jämförande analysen av bestämmelserna och deras tillämpningsområde. Analysen bidrar till att öka förståelsen om bulvanre-geln men belyser flera brister. Avslutningsvis problematiseras de konstate-rade som görs beträffande bulvanregeln ur ett rättssäkerhetsperspektiv.
Utan att avslöja analysen utfall kan det redan nu sägas att lagstiftarens be-slut att lämna bulvanregeln oförändrad kan ifrågasättas av flera skäl. En förändring är därför påkallad. (Less)
Abstract
In 1970, Sweden enacted new legislation on withholding tax, the Coupon Tax Act (Swedish Kupongskattelagen) (1970:624) (KupL). The Act go-verns the Swedish taxation of dividends distributed by Swedish companies to foreign individuals and legal entities subject to limited tax liability in Sweden. In connection with the enactment of the Act, a new anti-avoidance provision was also introduced into Swedish law. This provision, contained in paragraph 4, section 3 of the KupL, has in modern scholarship come to be known as the nominee rule (Swedish bulvanregeln). Its purpose is to prevent the circumvention of coupon tax. However, the provision, which is now rather old, is unusually worded and contains two vague and imprecise criteria, making it... (More)
In 1970, Sweden enacted new legislation on withholding tax, the Coupon Tax Act (Swedish Kupongskattelagen) (1970:624) (KupL). The Act go-verns the Swedish taxation of dividends distributed by Swedish companies to foreign individuals and legal entities subject to limited tax liability in Sweden. In connection with the enactment of the Act, a new anti-avoidance provision was also introduced into Swedish law. This provision, contained in paragraph 4, section 3 of the KupL, has in modern scholarship come to be known as the nominee rule (Swedish bulvanregeln). Its purpose is to prevent the circumvention of coupon tax. However, the provision, which is now rather old, is unusually worded and contains two vague and imprecise criteria, making it difficult to apply in practice. The preparatory works con-tain only sparse guidance, and the provision has in practice been applied only a handful of times. As a result, there is considerable uncertainty today regarding both the provision itself and the scope of its application.
In 2015, the amending directive was adopted within the European Union, thereby introducing a new anti-abuse provision into the Parent-Subsidiary Directive. At that time, the Swedish legislature concluded that this provis-ion had already been implemented in Swedish law through the nominee rule, and the nominee rule was therefore left unchanged. Since then, both the nominee rule and the Coupon Tax Act as a whole have been the subject of several legislative reviews. None of these has resulted in reform. The nominee rule thus remains in force today, along with the problems associa-ted with it.
This thesis examines the nominee rule. First, preparatory works and case law are identified and systematised in order to establish the current state of the law. Thereafter, the anti-abuse provision in Article 1(2) of the Parent-Subsidiary Directive is examined. In a similar manner, an attempt is made to map that provision’s purpose, structure and scope of application. These parts form the basis for the final comparative analysis of the two provisions and their respective scopes of application. The analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of the nominee rule, while at the same time high-lighting a number of shortcomings. Finally, the findings relating to the no-minee rule are critically assessed from the perspective of legal certainty.
Without disclosing the outcome of the analysis in advance, it may already be said that the legislature’s decision to leave the nominee rule unchanged can be questioned on several grounds. For a number of reasons, reform ap-pears necessary. (Less)
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author
Pecic, Vejsil LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
An Outdated Anti-Avoidance Rule: A (Critical) Study of How the Nominee Rule in the Swedish Coupon Tax Act Should Be Understood in an EU Law Context
course
JURM02 20261
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
EU-rätt, EU law, Finansrätt, Fiscal law, skatterätt, tax law, bulvanregeln, kupongskatt, kupongskattelagen, källskatt, skatteflykt, legalitetsprincipen, rättssäkerhet, anti-tax avoidance, withholding tax, anti-abuse, parents-subsidiary directive, principle of legal certainty, international taxation, EU tax law
language
Swedish
id
9227226
date added to LUP
2026-06-03 09:29:34
date last changed
2026-06-03 09:29:34
@misc{9227226,
  abstract     = {{In 1970, Sweden enacted new legislation on withholding tax, the Coupon Tax Act (Swedish Kupongskattelagen) (1970:624) (KupL). The Act go-verns the Swedish taxation of dividends distributed by Swedish companies to foreign individuals and legal entities subject to limited tax liability in Sweden. In connection with the enactment of the Act, a new anti-avoidance provision was also introduced into Swedish law. This provision, contained in paragraph 4, section 3 of the KupL, has in modern scholarship come to be known as the nominee rule (Swedish bulvanregeln). Its purpose is to prevent the circumvention of coupon tax. However, the provision, which is now rather old, is unusually worded and contains two vague and imprecise criteria, making it difficult to apply in practice. The preparatory works con-tain only sparse guidance, and the provision has in practice been applied only a handful of times. As a result, there is considerable uncertainty today regarding both the provision itself and the scope of its application.
In 2015, the amending directive was adopted within the European Union, thereby introducing a new anti-abuse provision into the Parent-Subsidiary Directive. At that time, the Swedish legislature concluded that this provis-ion had already been implemented in Swedish law through the nominee rule, and the nominee rule was therefore left unchanged. Since then, both the nominee rule and the Coupon Tax Act as a whole have been the subject of several legislative reviews. None of these has resulted in reform. The nominee rule thus remains in force today, along with the problems associa-ted with it.
This thesis examines the nominee rule. First, preparatory works and case law are identified and systematised in order to establish the current state of the law. Thereafter, the anti-abuse provision in Article 1(2) of the Parent-Subsidiary Directive is examined. In a similar manner, an attempt is made to map that provision’s purpose, structure and scope of application. These parts form the basis for the final comparative analysis of the two provisions and their respective scopes of application. The analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of the nominee rule, while at the same time high-lighting a number of shortcomings. Finally, the findings relating to the no-minee rule are critically assessed from the perspective of legal certainty.
Without disclosing the outcome of the analysis in advance, it may already be said that the legislature’s decision to leave the nominee rule unchanged can be questioned on several grounds. For a number of reasons, reform ap-pears necessary.}},
  author       = {{Pecic, Vejsil}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{En otidsenlig bulvan - En (kritisk) studie om hur bulvanregeln i kupongskattelagen ska förstås ur EU-rättslig kontext}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}