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Prevention of thalidomide- and lenalidomide-associated thrombosis in myeloma

Palumbo, A. ; Rajkumar, S. V. ; Dimopoulos, M. A. ; Richardson, P. G. ; Miguel, J. San ; Barlogie, B. ; Harousseau, J. ; Zonder, J. A. ; Cavo, M. and Zangari, M. , et al. (2008) In Leukemia 22(2). p.414-423
Abstract
The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is more than 1%omicron annually in the general population and increases further in cancer patients. The risk of VTE is higher in multiple myeloma (MM) patients who receive thalidomide or lenalidomide, especially in combination with dexamethasone or chemotherapy. Various VTE prophylaxis strategies, such as low-molecular-Weight heparin (LMWH), warfarin or aspirin, have been investigated in small, uncontrolled clinical studies. This manuscript summarizes the available evidence and recommends a prophylaxis strategy according to a risk-assessment model. Individual risk factors for thrombosis associated with thalidomide/lenalidomide-based therapy include age, history of VTE, central venous catheter,... (More)
The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is more than 1%omicron annually in the general population and increases further in cancer patients. The risk of VTE is higher in multiple myeloma (MM) patients who receive thalidomide or lenalidomide, especially in combination with dexamethasone or chemotherapy. Various VTE prophylaxis strategies, such as low-molecular-Weight heparin (LMWH), warfarin or aspirin, have been investigated in small, uncontrolled clinical studies. This manuscript summarizes the available evidence and recommends a prophylaxis strategy according to a risk-assessment model. Individual risk factors for thrombosis associated with thalidomide/lenalidomide-based therapy include age, history of VTE, central venous catheter, comorbidities (infections, diabetes, cardiac disease), immobilization, surgery and inherited thrombophilia. Myeloma-related risk factors include diagnosis and hyperviscosity. VTE is very high in patients who receive high-dose dexamethasone, doxorubicin or multiagent chemotherapy in combination with thalidomide or lenalidomide, but not with bortezomib. The panel recommends aspirin for patients with <= 1 risk factor for VTE. LMWH (equivalent to enoxaparin 40 mg per day) is recommended for those with two or more individual/myeloma-related risk factors. LMWH is also recommended for all patients receiving concurrent high-dose dexamethasone or doxorubicin. Full-dose warfarin targeting a therapeutic INR of 2-3 is an alternative to LMWH, although there are limited data in the literature with this strategy. In the absence of clear data from randomized studies as a foundation for recommendations, many of the following proposed strategies are the results of common sense or derive from the extrapolation of data from many studies not specifically designed to answer these questions. Further investigation is needed to define the best VTE prophylaxis. (Less)
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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
lenalidomide, thalidomide, risk factors, thrombosis, prophylaxis
in
Leukemia
volume
22
issue
2
pages
414 - 423
publisher
Nature Publishing Group
external identifiers
  • wos:000253166900025
  • scopus:39149109289
ISSN
1476-5551
DOI
10.1038/sj.leu.2405062
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
2cb7bff0-127e-4775-8dd8-f43de871b21b (old id 1196431)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 12:57:45
date last changed
2022-08-28 23:51:07
@article{2cb7bff0-127e-4775-8dd8-f43de871b21b,
  abstract     = {{The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is more than 1%omicron annually in the general population and increases further in cancer patients. The risk of VTE is higher in multiple myeloma (MM) patients who receive thalidomide or lenalidomide, especially in combination with dexamethasone or chemotherapy. Various VTE prophylaxis strategies, such as low-molecular-Weight heparin (LMWH), warfarin or aspirin, have been investigated in small, uncontrolled clinical studies. This manuscript summarizes the available evidence and recommends a prophylaxis strategy according to a risk-assessment model. Individual risk factors for thrombosis associated with thalidomide/lenalidomide-based therapy include age, history of VTE, central venous catheter, comorbidities (infections, diabetes, cardiac disease), immobilization, surgery and inherited thrombophilia. Myeloma-related risk factors include diagnosis and hyperviscosity. VTE is very high in patients who receive high-dose dexamethasone, doxorubicin or multiagent chemotherapy in combination with thalidomide or lenalidomide, but not with bortezomib. The panel recommends aspirin for patients with &lt;= 1 risk factor for VTE. LMWH (equivalent to enoxaparin 40 mg per day) is recommended for those with two or more individual/myeloma-related risk factors. LMWH is also recommended for all patients receiving concurrent high-dose dexamethasone or doxorubicin. Full-dose warfarin targeting a therapeutic INR of 2-3 is an alternative to LMWH, although there are limited data in the literature with this strategy. In the absence of clear data from randomized studies as a foundation for recommendations, many of the following proposed strategies are the results of common sense or derive from the extrapolation of data from many studies not specifically designed to answer these questions. Further investigation is needed to define the best VTE prophylaxis.}},
  author       = {{Palumbo, A. and Rajkumar, S. V. and Dimopoulos, M. A. and Richardson, P. G. and Miguel, J. San and Barlogie, B. and Harousseau, J. and Zonder, J. A. and Cavo, M. and Zangari, M. and Attal, M. and Belch, A. and Knop, S. and Joshua, D. and Sezer, O. and Ludwig, H. and Vesole, D. and Blade, J. and Kyle, R. and Westin, Jan and Weber, D. and Bringhen, S. and Niesvizky, R. and Waage, A. and von Lilienfeld-Toal, M. and Lonial, S. and Morgan, G. J. and Orlowski, R. Z. and Shimizu, K. and Anderson, K. C. and Boccadoro, M. and Durie, B. G. and Sonneveld, P. and Hussein, M. A.}},
  issn         = {{1476-5551}},
  keywords     = {{lenalidomide; thalidomide; risk factors; thrombosis; prophylaxis}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{414--423}},
  publisher    = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  series       = {{Leukemia}},
  title        = {{Prevention of thalidomide- and lenalidomide-associated thrombosis in myeloma}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.leu.2405062}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/sj.leu.2405062}},
  volume       = {{22}},
  year         = {{2008}},
}