Skip to main content

Lund University Publications

LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

An automatic field sampler utilising supported liquid membrane (SLM) for on-site extraction of s-triazine herbicides and degradation products: applied to an agricultural region of Ethiopia

Larsson, Niklas LU ; Berhanu, Tarekegn LU ; Megersa, Negussie and Jönsson, Jan Åke LU (2011) In International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 91(10). p.929-944
Abstract
A portable and time-integrating field sampler based on the supported liquid membrane (SLM) extraction technique was constructed. Using two programmable syringe pumps and one programmable valve, the sampler could carry out automatic unattended extraction for up to seven extracts, combining the steps of sampling, trace enrichment and clean-up. The sampler was applied to the extraction of four s-triazine herbicides (atrazine, cyanazine, prometryn and terbutryn) and six major degradation products of s-triazines, including three dealkylated products (deethyl deisopropyl atrazine (DDA), deisopropyl atrazine DIA and deethyl atrazine (DEA)) and three hydroxylated products (hydroxy atrazine (ATOH), hydroxy propazine (PROH) and hydroxy terbutylazine... (More)
A portable and time-integrating field sampler based on the supported liquid membrane (SLM) extraction technique was constructed. Using two programmable syringe pumps and one programmable valve, the sampler could carry out automatic unattended extraction for up to seven extracts, combining the steps of sampling, trace enrichment and clean-up. The sampler was applied to the extraction of four s-triazine herbicides (atrazine, cyanazine, prometryn and terbutryn) and six major degradation products of s-triazines, including three dealkylated products (deethyl deisopropyl atrazine (DDA), deisopropyl atrazine DIA and deethyl atrazine (DEA)) and three hydroxylated products (hydroxy atrazine (ATOH), hydroxy propazine (PROH) and hydroxy terbutylazine (TZOH)). The donor solution was obtained by mixing sample and buffer, consisting of 1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 and 1.7 M NaCl, in the ratio of 19 : 1 (v/v). Extraction was performed by continuously pumping 10 mL portions of donor along the SLM until 3 L of sample had been extracted. The SLM consisted of di-n-hexylether and the acceptor was 1 M HCl. After extract collection, extracts were neutralised with NaOH and buffered with phosphate. Extracts were analysed with HPLC, using a gradient elution consisting of 3.5 mM phosphate and acetonitrile and UV-detection at 220 nm. Enrichment factors in reagent water ranged from 1.3 (for DIA) to 2739 (for terbutryn). The developed field sampler was tested by carrying out 24-h time-weighted on-site extraction of the ten s-triazine target compounds in Hawassa Lake and its tributary river, located in the agricultural region of the Southern Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Atrazine, cyanazine and terbutryn were generally below the method detection limit, while prometryn was frequently found. Overall, s-triazines were not persistent in the studied environment and degradation products of s-triazines were found in higher concentrations than the parent herbicides in both the river and the lake. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
pesticides, s-triazines, degradation products, field sampler, automated, sampling, on-site extraction, supported liquid membrane, liquid, chromatography
in
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
volume
91
issue
10
pages
929 - 944
publisher
Taylor & Francis
external identifiers
  • wos:000292728600002
  • scopus:79960347708
ISSN
1029-0397
DOI
10.1080/03067310903359518
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Analytical Chemistry (S/LTH) (011001004)
id
83e67d78-3209-43dd-8e77-3ab1492c8993 (old id 2094149)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 09:52:18
date last changed
2022-01-25 17:30:14
@article{83e67d78-3209-43dd-8e77-3ab1492c8993,
  abstract     = {{A portable and time-integrating field sampler based on the supported liquid membrane (SLM) extraction technique was constructed. Using two programmable syringe pumps and one programmable valve, the sampler could carry out automatic unattended extraction for up to seven extracts, combining the steps of sampling, trace enrichment and clean-up. The sampler was applied to the extraction of four s-triazine herbicides (atrazine, cyanazine, prometryn and terbutryn) and six major degradation products of s-triazines, including three dealkylated products (deethyl deisopropyl atrazine (DDA), deisopropyl atrazine DIA and deethyl atrazine (DEA)) and three hydroxylated products (hydroxy atrazine (ATOH), hydroxy propazine (PROH) and hydroxy terbutylazine (TZOH)). The donor solution was obtained by mixing sample and buffer, consisting of 1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 and 1.7 M NaCl, in the ratio of 19 : 1 (v/v). Extraction was performed by continuously pumping 10 mL portions of donor along the SLM until 3 L of sample had been extracted. The SLM consisted of di-n-hexylether and the acceptor was 1 M HCl. After extract collection, extracts were neutralised with NaOH and buffered with phosphate. Extracts were analysed with HPLC, using a gradient elution consisting of 3.5 mM phosphate and acetonitrile and UV-detection at 220 nm. Enrichment factors in reagent water ranged from 1.3 (for DIA) to 2739 (for terbutryn). The developed field sampler was tested by carrying out 24-h time-weighted on-site extraction of the ten s-triazine target compounds in Hawassa Lake and its tributary river, located in the agricultural region of the Southern Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Atrazine, cyanazine and terbutryn were generally below the method detection limit, while prometryn was frequently found. Overall, s-triazines were not persistent in the studied environment and degradation products of s-triazines were found in higher concentrations than the parent herbicides in both the river and the lake.}},
  author       = {{Larsson, Niklas and Berhanu, Tarekegn and Megersa, Negussie and Jönsson, Jan Åke}},
  issn         = {{1029-0397}},
  keywords     = {{pesticides; s-triazines; degradation products; field sampler; automated; sampling; on-site extraction; supported liquid membrane; liquid; chromatography}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{10}},
  pages        = {{929--944}},
  publisher    = {{Taylor & Francis}},
  series       = {{International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry}},
  title        = {{An automatic field sampler utilising supported liquid membrane (SLM) for on-site extraction of s-triazine herbicides and degradation products: applied to an agricultural region of Ethiopia}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03067310903359518}},
  doi          = {{10.1080/03067310903359518}},
  volume       = {{91}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}