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Specialiserad biståndshandläggning inom den kommunala äldreomsorgen : Genomförandet av en organisationsreform och dess praktik

Blomberg, Staffan LU (2004) In Lund Dissertations in Social Work
Abstract
The 1990s was a period characterized by a strong pressure for reform in the Swedish municipalities. The care manager reform, i.e. the initiation of a position within the administration - the care manager - whose work tasks are concentrated around needs-assessment practices only, was one of many reform proposals. Within a fairly short time span a great number of municipalities decided to implement this new model for organizing the care of the elderly. A central research question in this thesis is how the rapid diffusion of this organizational idea could be explained. The diffusion of new ideas of organizing doesn’t come about automatically and doesn’t take place in a social vacuum. Reform proposals encounter different actors and local... (More)
The 1990s was a period characterized by a strong pressure for reform in the Swedish municipalities. The care manager reform, i.e. the initiation of a position within the administration - the care manager - whose work tasks are concentrated around needs-assessment practices only, was one of many reform proposals. Within a fairly short time span a great number of municipalities decided to implement this new model for organizing the care of the elderly. A central research question in this thesis is how the rapid diffusion of this organizational idea could be explained. The diffusion of new ideas of organizing doesn’t come about automatically and doesn’t take place in a social vacuum. Reform proposals encounter different actors and local traditions, opinions and understandings of desirable goals and appropriate means. Eight Swedish municipalities were studied, and the thesis shows that there were differences among them concerning the arguments used when the reform was launched and implemented. A key to understand the impact of the reform is that it over time was ascribed more and new problem solving qualities. Among the early adopters the model was justified by ideological arguments, and the reform was seen as a necessary element in the privatization of the old age care services. The other municipalities in the study were not inclined to adopt the model in connection with marketization rhetoric; in fact, some of them opposed it on precisely these grounds. However, in a discourse about the need for greater rättssäkerhet – legal security in the sense of the individual’s rights in the face of law – the reform eventually became a solution to a new problem. The third discourse that paved the way for the care manager reform is connected with cost-efficiency. In this discourse the reform was associated with the control function of costs and a more restrictive needs-assessment practice. In the last phase of adoption, the reform had reached the status of a fashion prescribing the modern way of organizing old age care. The second part of the dissertation studies care management as occupational practice. The thesis shows that managers supported the reform with arguments echoing the different problem solving functions that had been ascribed to the model over time, but it also shows that support were tied to hopes for increased professionalization. However, the core domain of the care manager’s work – need-assessment – is contested by other occupational groups, e.g. medical professions. As the thesis shows there are signs that indicate that the power of the care managers to protect their new domains is uncertain. The empirical material consists of strategic interviews and documents. Interviews were held with the social actors involved in the implementation such as politicians, public servants at different positions in the local administration, union representatives and care managers. The documents were basically of two kinds; official public documents produced on a yearly basis in the local administration and internal documents produced in the old age care organizations, and secondly, documents referred to in the interviews, such as directives from supervisory authority, local evaluations and reports from consultants. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Popular Abstract in Swedish

Parallellt med att kommunerna under 1990-talet fick ett utvidgat ansvar för t.ex. vården av och omsorgen om äldre och funktionshindrade gavs de större frihet att lokalt bestämma över sina organisationsformer. Omständigheterna ledde till ett starkt kommunalt reformtryck, inte minst genom de reformförslag som på olika sätt och i varierande grad utmanade den traditionella gränsdragningen mellan privat och offentlig sektor. Att specialisera biståndshandläggningen inom äldreomsorgen genom att skilja utredning och beslut i biståndsärenden från verksamhetsansvar var ett av många konkreta reformförslag som cirkulerade. På relativt kort tid bestämde sig ett stort antal kommuner för att genomföra reformen.... (More)
Popular Abstract in Swedish

Parallellt med att kommunerna under 1990-talet fick ett utvidgat ansvar för t.ex. vården av och omsorgen om äldre och funktionshindrade gavs de större frihet att lokalt bestämma över sina organisationsformer. Omständigheterna ledde till ett starkt kommunalt reformtryck, inte minst genom de reformförslag som på olika sätt och i varierande grad utmanade den traditionella gränsdragningen mellan privat och offentlig sektor. Att specialisera biståndshandläggningen inom äldreomsorgen genom att skilja utredning och beslut i biståndsärenden från verksamhetsansvar var ett av många konkreta reformförslag som cirkulerade. På relativt kort tid bestämde sig ett stort antal kommuner för att genomföra reformen. Nya organisationsidéer sprids emellertid inte automatiskt och inte i ett vakuum. Reformförslagen möter handlande aktörer samt etablerade lokala föreställningar om mål och medel, och de påverkas av maktförhållanden mellan olika sociala grupper. I avhandlingens första del studeras hur reformen initierades och motiverades i åtta olika lokala sammanhang. I samband med det kommunala övertagandet av organisationsreformen tillskrevs den alltfler problemlösande egenskaper vilket visade sig vara en nyckel till att förstå dess genomslag. Efter att inledningsvis ha initierats som ett inslag i en privatisering och konkurrensutsättning av den kommunala äldreomsorgen motiverades införandet av reformen med tiden även med argument om den kunde förbättra rättsäkerheten och skapa förutsättningar för kostnadseffektivitet. På detta sätt kunde reformen hämta stöd från olika håll. I takt med att det nya sättet att organisera äldreomsorgen blev allt vanligare kom populariteten i sig att leda till ett reformtryck i de kommuner som inte genomfört förändringen. Specialiseringen av biståndshandläggningen innebär också en nyordning vad gäller arbetsorganisationen. I avhandlingens andra del visas att reformen påverkar handläggarnas yrkesroll och på olika sätt griper in i och har konsekvenser för arbetsfördelningen och relationerna mellan de yrkesgrupper som är involverade i verksamheten. I avhandlingen argumenteras för att specialiseringen av yrkesrollen inneburit att tyngdpunkten kommit att läggas på kunskap kring de formella regelverken och en administrativ skicklighet vad gäller att tillämpa dessa regelverk. Det visas också att medicinska yrkesgrupper i kommunerna på olika sätt gör anspråk på att den kunskap och kompetens de besitter tas tillvara i de bedömningar av den äldres hjälpbehov som föregår biståndshandläggarnas beslut om bistånd. Det finns tecken på att de medicinska yrkesgrupperna fått ett allt större inflytande när det gäller att bedöma behov och föreslå hjälpinsatser. I avhandlingen dras inte någon generell slutsats om vad denna utveckling betyder för biståndshandläggarnas yrkesroll och arbetsuppgifter men åtminstone i en av undersökningskommunerna verkar det som om att det finns anledning att tala om att biståndshandläggaren fungerar som grindvakt. Handläggarna tar emot ansökningar om bistånd, sorterar ut vilka som är berättigade till bistånd och gör en initial bedömning av om hjälpbehovet är kort- eller långvarigt. (Less)
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author
supervisor
opponent
  • Professor Lindqvist, Rafael, Umeå universitet
organization
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
care manager, organizational reform, organizational model, needs-assessment, New Public Management, neo-institutional organization theory, editing, institutionalization, bureaucratic control, diffusion, organizational fashion, professions, elderly care, Social changes, theory of social work, Sociala förändringar, teorier om socialt arbete
in
Lund Dissertations in Social Work
pages
213 pages
publisher
School of Social Work, Lund University
defense location
Edebalksalen (sal 28), Socialhögskolan, Lunds universitet
defense date
2004-03-05 10:15:00
ISSN
1650-3872
ISBN
91-89604-23-7
language
Swedish
LU publication?
yes
id
7f4feae8-d3e1-4636-8cdb-7f43619392f4 (old id 21589)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 16:15:58
date last changed
2021-12-20 10:10:52
@phdthesis{7f4feae8-d3e1-4636-8cdb-7f43619392f4,
  abstract     = {{The 1990s was a period characterized by a strong pressure for reform in the Swedish municipalities. The care manager reform, i.e. the initiation of a position within the administration - the care manager - whose work tasks are concentrated around needs-assessment practices only, was one of many reform proposals. Within a fairly short time span a great number of municipalities decided to implement this new model for organizing the care of the elderly. A central research question in this thesis is how the rapid diffusion of this organizational idea could be explained. The diffusion of new ideas of organizing doesn’t come about automatically and doesn’t take place in a social vacuum. Reform proposals encounter different actors and local traditions, opinions and understandings of desirable goals and appropriate means. Eight Swedish municipalities were studied, and the thesis shows that there were differences among them concerning the arguments used when the reform was launched and implemented. A key to understand the impact of the reform is that it over time was ascribed more and new problem solving qualities. Among the early adopters the model was justified by ideological arguments, and the reform was seen as a necessary element in the privatization of the old age care services. The other municipalities in the study were not inclined to adopt the model in connection with marketization rhetoric; in fact, some of them opposed it on precisely these grounds. However, in a discourse about the need for greater rättssäkerhet – legal security in the sense of the individual’s rights in the face of law – the reform eventually became a solution to a new problem. The third discourse that paved the way for the care manager reform is connected with cost-efficiency. In this discourse the reform was associated with the control function of costs and a more restrictive needs-assessment practice. In the last phase of adoption, the reform had reached the status of a fashion prescribing the modern way of organizing old age care. The second part of the dissertation studies care management as occupational practice. The thesis shows that managers supported the reform with arguments echoing the different problem solving functions that had been ascribed to the model over time, but it also shows that support were tied to hopes for increased professionalization. However, the core domain of the care manager’s work – need-assessment – is contested by other occupational groups, e.g. medical professions. As the thesis shows there are signs that indicate that the power of the care managers to protect their new domains is uncertain. The empirical material consists of strategic interviews and documents. Interviews were held with the social actors involved in the implementation such as politicians, public servants at different positions in the local administration, union representatives and care managers. The documents were basically of two kinds; official public documents produced on a yearly basis in the local administration and internal documents produced in the old age care organizations, and secondly, documents referred to in the interviews, such as directives from supervisory authority, local evaluations and reports from consultants.}},
  author       = {{Blomberg, Staffan}},
  isbn         = {{91-89604-23-7}},
  issn         = {{1650-3872}},
  keywords     = {{care manager; organizational reform; organizational model; needs-assessment; New Public Management; neo-institutional organization theory; editing; institutionalization; bureaucratic control; diffusion; organizational fashion; professions; elderly care; Social changes; theory of social work; Sociala förändringar; teorier om socialt arbete}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  publisher    = {{School of Social Work, Lund University}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  series       = {{Lund Dissertations in Social Work}},
  title        = {{Specialiserad biståndshandläggning inom den kommunala äldreomsorgen : Genomförandet av en organisationsreform och dess praktik}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/4620361/1693291.pdf}},
  year         = {{2004}},
}