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The role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and TNF-alpha receptors in cerebral arteries following cerebral ischemia in rat

Maddahi, Aida LU ; Kruse, Lars S. ; Chen, Qing-Wen and Edvinsson, Lars LU (2011) In Journal of Neuroinflammation 8.
Abstract
Background: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine, which is rapidly upregulated in the brain after injury. TNF-alpha acts by binding to its receptors, TNF-R1 (p55) and TNF-R2 (p75), on the cell surface. The aim of this study was first to investigate if there is altered expression of TNF-alpha and TNF-alpha receptors in cerebral artery walls following global or focal ischemia, and after organ culture. Secondly, we asked if the expression was regulated via activation of the MEK-ERK1/2 pathway. Methods: The hypothesis was tested in vivo after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and in vitro by organ culture of isolated cerebral arteries. The localization and... (More)
Background: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine, which is rapidly upregulated in the brain after injury. TNF-alpha acts by binding to its receptors, TNF-R1 (p55) and TNF-R2 (p75), on the cell surface. The aim of this study was first to investigate if there is altered expression of TNF-alpha and TNF-alpha receptors in cerebral artery walls following global or focal ischemia, and after organ culture. Secondly, we asked if the expression was regulated via activation of the MEK-ERK1/2 pathway. Methods: The hypothesis was tested in vivo after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and in vitro by organ culture of isolated cerebral arteries. The localization and amount of TNF-alpha, TNF-alpha receptor 1 and 2 proteins were analysed by immunohistochemistry and western blot after 24 and 48 h of organ culture and at 48 h following SAH or MCAO. In addition, cerebral arteries were incubated for 24 or 48 h in the absence or presence of a B-Raf inhibitor (SB386023-b), a MEK-inhibitor (U0126) or an NF-kappa B inhibitor (IMD-0354), and protein expression evaluated. Results: Immunohistochemistry revealed enhanced expression of TNF-alpha, TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 in the walls of cerebral arteries at 48 h after MCAO and SAH compared with control. Co-localization studies showed that TNF-alpha, TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 were primarily localized to the cell membrane and the cytoplasm of the smooth muscle cells (SMC). There was, in addition, some expression of TNF-R2 in the endothelial cells. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis showed that these proteins were upregulated after 24 and 48 h in culture, and this upregulation reached an apparent maximum at 48 h of organ culture. Treatment with U0126 significantly reduced the enhanced SMC expression of TNF-a alpha, TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 immunoreactivities after 24 and 48 h of organ culture. The Raf and NF-kappa B inhibitors significantly reduced organ culture induced TNF-alpha expression while they had minor effects on the TNF-alpha receptors. Conclusion: The present study shows that cerebral ischemia and organ culture induce expression of TNF-alpha and its receptors in the walls of cerebral arteries and that upregulation is transcriptionally regulated via the MEK/ERK pathway. (Less)
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author
; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Journal of Neuroinflammation
volume
8
publisher
BioMed Central (BMC)
external identifiers
  • wos:000295513200001
  • scopus:80052030139
  • pmid:21871121
ISSN
1742-2094
DOI
10.1186/1742-2094-8-107
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
af323ca6-80ab-45cb-864c-69ad23a03fd9 (old id 2179422)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 14:21:01
date last changed
2024-02-25 13:25:57
@article{af323ca6-80ab-45cb-864c-69ad23a03fd9,
  abstract     = {{Background: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine, which is rapidly upregulated in the brain after injury. TNF-alpha acts by binding to its receptors, TNF-R1 (p55) and TNF-R2 (p75), on the cell surface. The aim of this study was first to investigate if there is altered expression of TNF-alpha and TNF-alpha receptors in cerebral artery walls following global or focal ischemia, and after organ culture. Secondly, we asked if the expression was regulated via activation of the MEK-ERK1/2 pathway. Methods: The hypothesis was tested in vivo after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and in vitro by organ culture of isolated cerebral arteries. The localization and amount of TNF-alpha, TNF-alpha receptor 1 and 2 proteins were analysed by immunohistochemistry and western blot after 24 and 48 h of organ culture and at 48 h following SAH or MCAO. In addition, cerebral arteries were incubated for 24 or 48 h in the absence or presence of a B-Raf inhibitor (SB386023-b), a MEK-inhibitor (U0126) or an NF-kappa B inhibitor (IMD-0354), and protein expression evaluated. Results: Immunohistochemistry revealed enhanced expression of TNF-alpha, TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 in the walls of cerebral arteries at 48 h after MCAO and SAH compared with control. Co-localization studies showed that TNF-alpha, TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 were primarily localized to the cell membrane and the cytoplasm of the smooth muscle cells (SMC). There was, in addition, some expression of TNF-R2 in the endothelial cells. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis showed that these proteins were upregulated after 24 and 48 h in culture, and this upregulation reached an apparent maximum at 48 h of organ culture. Treatment with U0126 significantly reduced the enhanced SMC expression of TNF-a alpha, TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 immunoreactivities after 24 and 48 h of organ culture. The Raf and NF-kappa B inhibitors significantly reduced organ culture induced TNF-alpha expression while they had minor effects on the TNF-alpha receptors. Conclusion: The present study shows that cerebral ischemia and organ culture induce expression of TNF-alpha and its receptors in the walls of cerebral arteries and that upregulation is transcriptionally regulated via the MEK/ERK pathway.}},
  author       = {{Maddahi, Aida and Kruse, Lars S. and Chen, Qing-Wen and Edvinsson, Lars}},
  issn         = {{1742-2094}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{BioMed Central (BMC)}},
  series       = {{Journal of Neuroinflammation}},
  title        = {{The role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and TNF-alpha receptors in cerebral arteries following cerebral ischemia in rat}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/3926192/2224550.pdf}},
  doi          = {{10.1186/1742-2094-8-107}},
  volume       = {{8}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}