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Etik och känslor : en empirisk studie av skuld- och medkänslor hos gymnasieelever – en prövning av Ortonys teori

Wilson, Kenneth LU (2005) In Lund Studies in Psychology of Religion 7.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test parts of Ortony's theoretical model relating to the cognitive structure of emotions in Swedish upper secondary school students. That part of the model, which was appropriate for the present study, deals with emotions attributed to the person who has perpetrated what is referred to as blameworthy actions. Ortony calls the possible emotions that you experience when you have committed a blameworthy action "self-reproach" emotion. Moreover another part of the model was chosen, dealing with "sorry-for" emotions, i.e. our compassion for humans around us who have got into displeased situations. In this thesis the word "emotion" refers to Ortony's definition, i.e.a "valenced reaction to events, agents, or... (More)
The purpose of this study was to test parts of Ortony's theoretical model relating to the cognitive structure of emotions in Swedish upper secondary school students. That part of the model, which was appropriate for the present study, deals with emotions attributed to the person who has perpetrated what is referred to as blameworthy actions. Ortony calls the possible emotions that you experience when you have committed a blameworthy action "self-reproach" emotion. Moreover another part of the model was chosen, dealing with "sorry-for" emotions, i.e. our compassion for humans around us who have got into displeased situations. In this thesis the word "emotion" refers to Ortony's definition, i.e.a "valenced reaction to events, agents, or objects, with their particular nature being determined by the way in which the eliciting situation is construed" (Ortony, 1990, p. 13). A number of hypotheses were derived, based on Ortony's theoretical suppositions as to "self-reproach" and "sorry-for" emotions. A design taken from the Facet theory, called the Facet design, was used to map, structure and analyse the field of research. The purpose of using Facet design was thus to use the design as a tool to determine the number of items that were to be in the gauge, as well as a system of classification to determine the content of the questions of the gauge. The statistical methods used at the tests were one-way within-subjects ANOVA, paired t-tests and simple linear regression. The results of the analyses showed that the self-reproach emotions were influenced significantly depending on the degree of the blameworthy actions, who was affected and finally how much the perpetrators of the blameworthy actions deviated from roles attributed to them by those around them. The results of the analyses of the "sorry-for" emotions for the person affected were in line with Ortony's theoretical suppositions, i.e. the more displeased an event is considered to be, the more a person did not deserve the displeased event, the more liked a person were who was affected by the displeased event, the stronger "sorry-for" emotions for the person affected. The results also showed that the correlation between the "self-reproach" variable and the "sorry-for" variable produced a significant positive correlation. Considering the aspects of gender, the analyses showed that the boys without exception had a lower average value in all the analyses connected with "self-reproach" and "sorry-for" emotions for those affected. Implication for further research on the results of the present study of students' emotions and thoughts about ethical issues were given. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Popular Abstract in Swedish
En del av Ortonys teorimodell angående den kognitiva strukturen hos emotioner testades på svenska gymnasieelever. Den del av teorin som användes i föreliggande studie handlade om de emotioner som tillskrivs den som utfört s.k. orätta handlingar. De eventuella känslor som man får när man utfört en orätt handling kallar Ortony för "self reproach" emotioner. Detta begrepp skall mer ses som ett tekniskt begrepp för alla känslor som man i vardagliga uttryck brukar förknippa med skuldkänslor. Exempel på orätta handlingar i föreliggande studie är bl.a. lögn, stöld och fusk. Vidare valdes en annan del av teorin som handlar om "sorry for" emotioner dvs. våra medkänslor för människor i vår omgivning som råkat... (More)
Popular Abstract in Swedish
En del av Ortonys teorimodell angående den kognitiva strukturen hos emotioner testades på svenska gymnasieelever. Den del av teorin som användes i föreliggande studie handlade om de emotioner som tillskrivs den som utfört s.k. orätta handlingar. De eventuella känslor som man får när man utfört en orätt handling kallar Ortony för "self reproach" emotioner. Detta begrepp skall mer ses som ett tekniskt begrepp för alla känslor som man i vardagliga uttryck brukar förknippa med skuldkänslor. Exempel på orätta handlingar i föreliggande studie är bl.a. lögn, stöld och fusk. Vidare valdes en annan del av teorin som handlar om "sorry for" emotioner dvs. våra medkänslor för människor i vår omgivning som råkat in i oönskade situationer. Exempel på oönskade situationer i föreliggande studie är bl.a. att råka ut för en allvarlig olycka, sjukdom, rån och misshandel. Sju hypoteser formulerades utifrån "self reproach"- och "sorry for" emotioner för att besvara frågeställningen hur eleverna skulle reagera känslomässigt inför olika slags etiska frågeställningar, särskilt fokuserades hur elevernas reaktioner skulle variera med vad slags situation det gällde, men också med vem som drabbades. Undersökningsgruppen bestod av 709 gymnasieelever ur Hässleholms gymnasieskolor. Mätningen genomfördes med hjälp av två enkätformulär, som konstruerats med hjälp av en design hämtad från Facet theory. Facet design användes såsom ett klassifikationssystem för att innehållsbestämma frågorna i de båda mätstrumenten som användes vid undersökningen. Resultaten analyserades med statistiska metoder, främst variansanalyser. Resultaten visade att självförebråelseemotionerna påverkades signifikant beroende på graden av de orätta handlingarna, vilka som drabbades och slutligen hur mycket förövarna av de orätta handlingarna avvek från roller, som de fått av omgivningen. Däremot kunde inte konstateras att medelvärdena i de olika analyserna hade en stigande ordning. När det gällde resultaten angående medkänslor med den drabbade var dessa helt i linje med Ortonys teoretiska antaganden, dvs. ju närmare man stod den drabbade desto mer medkänsla. Resultatet visade att korrelationen mellan självförebråelsevariabeln och medkänslovariabeln uppvisade ett signifikant positivt samband dvs. att medkänslan med den drabbade ökade med stigande grad av självförebråelseemotioner. Med hänsyn till genusaspekten visade resultaten att flickorna skulle känna mer skuldkänslor än pojkarna, om de hypotetiskt skulle ha utfört en omoralisk handling. Vidare visade resultaten även att flickorna skulle känna mer medkänsla än pojkarna för personer, som hypotetiskt skulle råka ut för obehagliga situationer. Sammanfattningsvis visade resultaten att tonåringarna kände mest skuldkänslor inför stöld, lögn och mobbing, som drabbade kompisar och klasskamrater. Mindre skuldkänslor kände de inför lögn, som drabbade poliser och lärare. Minst skuldkänslor kände de inför misshandel av klasskamrat som försöker stjäla ens nya mobiltelefon och allra minst kände de skuldkänslor att ta emot fel växel på 100 kr. När det gällde misshandel av klasskamraten, hjälpte det inte att man stod i nära social relation till den drabbade, utan här var det föremålet för stölden som hade den avgörande betydelsen för om man fick skuldkänslor eller inte. När det gällde att hysa medkänslor för de drabbade, kände eleverna mest medkänslor för kompisen som blev rånad, släktingen som fick cancer, eleven på skolan, som blev misshandlad men också ovännen, som blev påkörd av en vårdslös bilist. Bland gruppen av situationer där eleverna hyste minst medkänsla, hörde situationen med värste ovännen, som själv brukade mobba andra men som själv blev mobbad. I det avslutande kapitlet ges implikationer för fortsatt forskning kring ungdomars känslor inför etiska frågeställningar. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • Professor Straarup, Jörgen, Umeå universitet
organization
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Samhällsvetenskaper, Social sciences, Upper Swedish Secondary School Students facet design, Sorry-for emotions, Self-reproach emotions, Ortony, blameworthy actions, Psychology, Psykologi
in
Lund Studies in Psychology of Religion
volume
7
pages
213 pages
publisher
Psychology of Religion
defense location
Spoletorps hörsal, Spolegatan 1 R, Lund
defense date
2005-06-04 13:15:00
ISSN
1103-5757
ISBN
91-974897-1-9
language
Swedish
LU publication?
yes
additional info
The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Psychology of Religion (015017041)
id
dd7f4ecd-3997-4f62-8ce3-b8c0471a5e07 (old id 25039)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 15:52:38
date last changed
2021-03-22 09:18:11
@phdthesis{dd7f4ecd-3997-4f62-8ce3-b8c0471a5e07,
  abstract     = {{The purpose of this study was to test parts of Ortony's theoretical model relating to the cognitive structure of emotions in Swedish upper secondary school students. That part of the model, which was appropriate for the present study, deals with emotions attributed to the person who has perpetrated what is referred to as blameworthy actions. Ortony calls the possible emotions that you experience when you have committed a blameworthy action "self-reproach" emotion. Moreover another part of the model was chosen, dealing with "sorry-for" emotions, i.e. our compassion for humans around us who have got into displeased situations. In this thesis the word "emotion" refers to Ortony's definition, i.e.a "valenced reaction to events, agents, or objects, with their particular nature being determined by the way in which the eliciting situation is construed" (Ortony, 1990, p. 13). A number of hypotheses were derived, based on Ortony's theoretical suppositions as to "self-reproach" and "sorry-for" emotions. A design taken from the Facet theory, called the Facet design, was used to map, structure and analyse the field of research. The purpose of using Facet design was thus to use the design as a tool to determine the number of items that were to be in the gauge, as well as a system of classification to determine the content of the questions of the gauge. The statistical methods used at the tests were one-way within-subjects ANOVA, paired t-tests and simple linear regression. The results of the analyses showed that the self-reproach emotions were influenced significantly depending on the degree of the blameworthy actions, who was affected and finally how much the perpetrators of the blameworthy actions deviated from roles attributed to them by those around them. The results of the analyses of the "sorry-for" emotions for the person affected were in line with Ortony's theoretical suppositions, i.e. the more displeased an event is considered to be, the more a person did not deserve the displeased event, the more liked a person were who was affected by the displeased event, the stronger "sorry-for" emotions for the person affected. The results also showed that the correlation between the "self-reproach" variable and the "sorry-for" variable produced a significant positive correlation. Considering the aspects of gender, the analyses showed that the boys without exception had a lower average value in all the analyses connected with "self-reproach" and "sorry-for" emotions for those affected. Implication for further research on the results of the present study of students' emotions and thoughts about ethical issues were given.}},
  author       = {{Wilson, Kenneth}},
  isbn         = {{91-974897-1-9}},
  issn         = {{1103-5757}},
  keywords     = {{Samhällsvetenskaper; Social sciences; Upper Swedish Secondary School Students facet design; Sorry-for emotions; Self-reproach emotions; Ortony; blameworthy actions; Psychology; Psykologi}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  publisher    = {{Psychology of Religion}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  series       = {{Lund Studies in Psychology of Religion}},
  title        = {{Etik och känslor : en empirisk studie av skuld- och medkänslor hos gymnasieelever – en prövning av Ortonys teori}},
  volume       = {{7}},
  year         = {{2005}},
}