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Recognition of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) by autoantibodies from different GAD antibody-positive phenotypes

Hampe, Christiane S ; Hammerle, Lisa P ; Bekris, Lynn ; Örtqvist, Eva ; Kockum, Ingrid ; Rolandsson, Olov ; Landin-Olsson, Mona LU ; Torn, Carina LU ; Persson, Bengt and Lernmark, Åke LU orcid (2000) In Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 85(12). p.4671-4679
Abstract

Autoantibodies against the smaller isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) are markers for Type 1 diabetes. GAD65 autoantibody (GAD65Ab)-positive individuals in the general population are, however, mostly at low risk of developing Type 1 diabetes, suggesting that GAD65Ab phenotypes may be associated with different underlying pathogenic processes. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that Type 1 diabetes patients (n = 243; group I), GAD65Ab-positive healthy individuals (n = 28; group II), and healthy first-degree relatives of Type 1 diabetes patients (n = 41; group III) have antibody phenotypes that recognize different GAD65 epitopes. Sera from groups I-III were tested for their binding to GAD65 and GAD67, as well as six... (More)

Autoantibodies against the smaller isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) are markers for Type 1 diabetes. GAD65 autoantibody (GAD65Ab)-positive individuals in the general population are, however, mostly at low risk of developing Type 1 diabetes, suggesting that GAD65Ab phenotypes may be associated with different underlying pathogenic processes. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that Type 1 diabetes patients (n = 243; group I), GAD65Ab-positive healthy individuals (n = 28; group II), and healthy first-degree relatives of Type 1 diabetes patients (n = 41; group III) have antibody phenotypes that recognize different GAD65 epitopes. Sera from groups I-III were tested for their binding to GAD65 and GAD67, as well as six different GAD65/67 fusion proteins. Regardless of group, sera reactive to both GAD65 and GAD67 showed broader epitope reactivity than GAD65-specific sera. Furthermore, Type 1 diabetes patients showed a more restricted epitope binding than healthy individuals and first-degree relatives, demonstrating significantly less binding to the N-terminal part of GAD65 and to GAD67. Our analysis demonstrates that the N-terminal part is essential for full antibody binding to GAD65, in particular, to the middle epitope. It is suggested that Type 1 diabetes is associated with restricted GAD65Ab epitope specificity.

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publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
in
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
volume
85
issue
12
pages
9 pages
publisher
Oxford University Press
external identifiers
  • pmid:11134126
  • scopus:17744387308
ISSN
0021-972X
DOI
10.1210/jc.85.12.4671
language
English
LU publication?
no
id
43de39c0-35ea-4b03-999e-572a359f7147
date added to LUP
2017-09-07 08:50:34
date last changed
2024-04-14 18:16:06
@article{43de39c0-35ea-4b03-999e-572a359f7147,
  abstract     = {{<p>Autoantibodies against the smaller isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) are markers for Type 1 diabetes. GAD65 autoantibody (GAD65Ab)-positive individuals in the general population are, however, mostly at low risk of developing Type 1 diabetes, suggesting that GAD65Ab phenotypes may be associated with different underlying pathogenic processes. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that Type 1 diabetes patients (n = 243; group I), GAD65Ab-positive healthy individuals (n = 28; group II), and healthy first-degree relatives of Type 1 diabetes patients (n = 41; group III) have antibody phenotypes that recognize different GAD65 epitopes. Sera from groups I-III were tested for their binding to GAD65 and GAD67, as well as six different GAD65/67 fusion proteins. Regardless of group, sera reactive to both GAD65 and GAD67 showed broader epitope reactivity than GAD65-specific sera. Furthermore, Type 1 diabetes patients showed a more restricted epitope binding than healthy individuals and first-degree relatives, demonstrating significantly less binding to the N-terminal part of GAD65 and to GAD67. Our analysis demonstrates that the N-terminal part is essential for full antibody binding to GAD65, in particular, to the middle epitope. It is suggested that Type 1 diabetes is associated with restricted GAD65Ab epitope specificity.</p>}},
  author       = {{Hampe, Christiane S and Hammerle, Lisa P and Bekris, Lynn and Örtqvist, Eva and Kockum, Ingrid and Rolandsson, Olov and Landin-Olsson, Mona and Torn, Carina and Persson, Bengt and Lernmark, Åke}},
  issn         = {{0021-972X}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{12}},
  pages        = {{4671--4679}},
  publisher    = {{Oxford University Press}},
  series       = {{Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism}},
  title        = {{Recognition of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) by autoantibodies from different GAD antibody-positive phenotypes}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.85.12.4671}},
  doi          = {{10.1210/jc.85.12.4671}},
  volume       = {{85}},
  year         = {{2000}},
}