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Insulin Signalling and Regulation of Protein Kinase B in Adipocytes

Göransson, Olga LU (2003)
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes, an increasingly common disorder. The cause of insulin resistance is supposedly failures in the processes used by insulin to signal to the interior of its target cells. These failing steps are still unknown, most probably because of incomplete knowledge of how the insulin signals are transmitted. Since insulin resistance is strongly linked to obesity, defects in lipid metabolism or other adipocyte functions, may be an important factor in the development of this pathological states. It is therefore of particular interest to study insulin signalling and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue. More specifically, the aim of this thesis was to study the regulation of adipocyte protein kinase B... (More)
Insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes, an increasingly common disorder. The cause of insulin resistance is supposedly failures in the processes used by insulin to signal to the interior of its target cells. These failing steps are still unknown, most probably because of incomplete knowledge of how the insulin signals are transmitted. Since insulin resistance is strongly linked to obesity, defects in lipid metabolism or other adipocyte functions, may be an important factor in the development of this pathological states. It is therefore of particular interest to study insulin signalling and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue. More specifically, the aim of this thesis was to study the regulation of adipocyte protein kinase B (PKB), an insulin-stimulated kinase that has been implicated in mediating many of insulin's metabolic as well as mitogenic effects. We have shown, that in response to insulin, adipocyte PKB translocates from the cytosol to the plasma membrane in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)-dependent manner. This is believed to induce a conformational change in PKB, allowing it to be phosphorylated and activated by the upstream kinases phosphoinositide-dependent kinase (PDK) -1 and 2. We have demonstrated that PKBß in primary adipocytes is unphosphorylated prior to stimulation, and insulin mainly induces phosphorylation on Ser-474. Furthermore, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) was identified as the phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylation and deactivation of PKB in adipocytes. In addition, we have initiated an investigation regarding the regulation and role of PDK1 in adipocytes. Endogenous PDK1 was shown not to be activated, but to translocate from the cytosol to the membrane fraction, in response to insulin. Moreover, adenoviral-mediated expression of PDK1 was used in order to assess the role of PDK1 in primary adipocytes. A recent study has been focused on the kinase inhibitor dimethylaminopurine (DMAP), and its effects on metabolic signalling pathways in adipocytes. DMAP was demonstrated to inhibit insulin-induced glucose uptake, antilipolysis and lipogenesis. Possible molecular targets, inhibition of which may mediate the effects of DMAP, were shown to be PKB and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). In summary, this thesis has provided valuable information regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying insulin-induced activation of PKB, a key component of the insulin signalling pathway. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • Professor Strålfors, Peter, Linköping University
organization
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
diabetology, Endokrinologi, sekretion, diabetologi, secreting systems, Endocrinology, PDK1, PKB, diabetes, insulin, adipocyte
pages
162 pages
publisher
Olga Göransson,
defense location
GK Lecture Hall, BMC
defense date
2003-05-02 09:15:00
ISBN
91-628-5611-1
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Article: I. Göransson, O., Wijkander, J., Manganiello, V. and Degerman, E. (1998) Insulin-induced Translocation of Protein Kinase B to the Plasma Membrane in Rat Adipocytes, Biochem. Biophys. Res Commun. 246, 249-254 Article: II. Göransson, O., Resjö, S., Rönnstrand, L., Manganiello, V. and Degerman, E. (2002) Ser-474 Is the Major Target of Insulin-mediated Phosphorylation of Protein Kinase B ß in Primary Rat Adipocytes, Cell. Sign. 14, 175– 182 Article: III. Resjö, S., Göransson, O., Härndahl, L., Zolnierowicz, S., Manganiello, V. and Degerman, E. (2002) Protein Phosphatase 2A Is the Main Phosphatase Involved in the Regulation of Protein Kinase B in Rat Adipocytes, Cell. Sign. 14, 231–238 Article: IV. Göransson, O., Rydén, M., Nilsson, R., Arner, P. and Degerman, E. (2003) Dimethylaminopurine Inhibits Metabolic Effects of Insulin in Primary Adipocytes - Involvement of Protein Kinase B and c-jun N-terminal Kinase (submitted to British J of Pharmacology)
id
3ff3b426-d485-4b87-a757-23513b06cf44 (old id 465644)
date added to LUP
2016-04-04 10:59:25
date last changed
2018-11-21 21:02:00
@phdthesis{3ff3b426-d485-4b87-a757-23513b06cf44,
  abstract     = {{Insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes, an increasingly common disorder. The cause of insulin resistance is supposedly failures in the processes used by insulin to signal to the interior of its target cells. These failing steps are still unknown, most probably because of incomplete knowledge of how the insulin signals are transmitted. Since insulin resistance is strongly linked to obesity, defects in lipid metabolism or other adipocyte functions, may be an important factor in the development of this pathological states. It is therefore of particular interest to study insulin signalling and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue. More specifically, the aim of this thesis was to study the regulation of adipocyte protein kinase B (PKB), an insulin-stimulated kinase that has been implicated in mediating many of insulin's metabolic as well as mitogenic effects. We have shown, that in response to insulin, adipocyte PKB translocates from the cytosol to the plasma membrane in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)-dependent manner. This is believed to induce a conformational change in PKB, allowing it to be phosphorylated and activated by the upstream kinases phosphoinositide-dependent kinase (PDK) -1 and 2. We have demonstrated that PKBß in primary adipocytes is unphosphorylated prior to stimulation, and insulin mainly induces phosphorylation on Ser-474. Furthermore, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) was identified as the phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylation and deactivation of PKB in adipocytes. In addition, we have initiated an investigation regarding the regulation and role of PDK1 in adipocytes. Endogenous PDK1 was shown not to be activated, but to translocate from the cytosol to the membrane fraction, in response to insulin. Moreover, adenoviral-mediated expression of PDK1 was used in order to assess the role of PDK1 in primary adipocytes. A recent study has been focused on the kinase inhibitor dimethylaminopurine (DMAP), and its effects on metabolic signalling pathways in adipocytes. DMAP was demonstrated to inhibit insulin-induced glucose uptake, antilipolysis and lipogenesis. Possible molecular targets, inhibition of which may mediate the effects of DMAP, were shown to be PKB and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). In summary, this thesis has provided valuable information regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying insulin-induced activation of PKB, a key component of the insulin signalling pathway.}},
  author       = {{Göransson, Olga}},
  isbn         = {{91-628-5611-1}},
  keywords     = {{diabetology; Endokrinologi; sekretion; diabetologi; secreting systems; Endocrinology; PDK1; PKB; diabetes; insulin; adipocyte}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Olga Göransson,}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  title        = {{Insulin Signalling and Regulation of Protein Kinase B in Adipocytes}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/5668517/1692976.pdf}},
  year         = {{2003}},
}