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Association of Immune Marker Changes with Progression of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance to Multiple Myeloma

Landgren, Ola ; Hofmann, Jonathan N. ; McShane, Charlene M. ; Santo, Loredana ; Hultcrantz, Malin ; Korde, Neha ; Mailankody, Sham ; Kazandjian, DIckran ; Murata, Kazunori and Thoren, Katie , et al. (2019) In JAMA Oncology
Abstract

Importance: Multiple myeloma is consistently preceded by monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Risk models that estimate the risk of progression from MGUS to multiple myeloma use data from a single time point, usually the initial workup. Objective: To longitudinally investigate the alterations of serum immune markers with stable vs progressive MGUS. Design, Setting, and Participants: This prospective cross-sectional cohort study included 77469 adult participants aged 55 to 74 years in the screening arm of the National Cancer Institute Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial who had a diagnosis of progressing MGUS (n = 187) or stable MGUS (n = 498), including light-chain subtype, from November... (More)

Importance: Multiple myeloma is consistently preceded by monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Risk models that estimate the risk of progression from MGUS to multiple myeloma use data from a single time point, usually the initial workup. Objective: To longitudinally investigate the alterations of serum immune markers with stable vs progressive MGUS. Design, Setting, and Participants: This prospective cross-sectional cohort study included 77469 adult participants aged 55 to 74 years in the screening arm of the National Cancer Institute Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial who had a diagnosis of progressing MGUS (n = 187) or stable MGUS (n = 498), including light-chain subtype, from November 1993, through December 2011. For each participant, all available serially stored prediagnostic serum samples (N = 3266) were obtained. Data analysis was performed from April 2018, to December 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures: Serum protein and monoclonal immunoglobulin levels, serum free light chains, and serum light chains within each immunoglobulin class were measured. Results: Of 685 individuals included in the study, 461 (67.3%) were men; the mean (SD) age was 69.1 (5.6) years. In cross-sectional modeling, risk factors associated with progressive MGUS were IgA isotype (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.80; 95% CI, 1.03-3.13; P =.04), 15 g/L or more monoclonal spike (adjusted OR, 23.5; 95% CI, 8.9-61.9; P <.001), skewed (<0.1 or >10) serum free light chains ratio (adjusted OR, 46.4; 95% CI, 18.4-117.0; P <.001), and severe immunoparesis (≥2 suppressed uninvolved immunoglobulins) (adjusted OR, 19.1; 95% Cl, 7.5-48.3; P <.001). Risk factors associated with progressive light-chain MGUS were skewed serum free light chains ratio (adjusted OR, 44.0; 95% CI, 14.2-136.3; P <.001) and severe immunoparesis (adjusted OR, 48.6; 95% CI, 9.5-248.2; P <.001). In longitudinal analysis of participants with serial samples prior to progression, 23 of 43 participants (53%) had high-risk MGUS before progression; 16 of these 23 (70%) experienced conversion from low-risk or intermediate-risk MGUS within 5 years. Similar results were found for light-chain MGUS. Conclusions and Relevance: The findings of evolving risk patterns support annual blood testing and risk assessment for patients with MGUS or light-chain MGUS.

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published
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JAMA Oncology
publisher
American Medical Association
external identifiers
  • pmid:31318385
  • scopus:85069519484
ISSN
2374-2437
DOI
10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.1568
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
a68343a8-f548-4a77-a29a-62557fd034ee
date added to LUP
2019-08-12 10:51:17
date last changed
2024-04-16 17:40:54
@article{a68343a8-f548-4a77-a29a-62557fd034ee,
  abstract     = {{<p>Importance: Multiple myeloma is consistently preceded by monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Risk models that estimate the risk of progression from MGUS to multiple myeloma use data from a single time point, usually the initial workup. Objective: To longitudinally investigate the alterations of serum immune markers with stable vs progressive MGUS. Design, Setting, and Participants: This prospective cross-sectional cohort study included 77469 adult participants aged 55 to 74 years in the screening arm of the National Cancer Institute Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial who had a diagnosis of progressing MGUS (n = 187) or stable MGUS (n = 498), including light-chain subtype, from November 1993, through December 2011. For each participant, all available serially stored prediagnostic serum samples (N = 3266) were obtained. Data analysis was performed from April 2018, to December 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures: Serum protein and monoclonal immunoglobulin levels, serum free light chains, and serum light chains within each immunoglobulin class were measured. Results: Of 685 individuals included in the study, 461 (67.3%) were men; the mean (SD) age was 69.1 (5.6) years. In cross-sectional modeling, risk factors associated with progressive MGUS were IgA isotype (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.80; 95% CI, 1.03-3.13; P =.04), 15 g/L or more monoclonal spike (adjusted OR, 23.5; 95% CI, 8.9-61.9; P &lt;.001), skewed (&lt;0.1 or &gt;10) serum free light chains ratio (adjusted OR, 46.4; 95% CI, 18.4-117.0; P &lt;.001), and severe immunoparesis (≥2 suppressed uninvolved immunoglobulins) (adjusted OR, 19.1; 95% Cl, 7.5-48.3; P &lt;.001). Risk factors associated with progressive light-chain MGUS were skewed serum free light chains ratio (adjusted OR, 44.0; 95% CI, 14.2-136.3; P &lt;.001) and severe immunoparesis (adjusted OR, 48.6; 95% CI, 9.5-248.2; P &lt;.001). In longitudinal analysis of participants with serial samples prior to progression, 23 of 43 participants (53%) had high-risk MGUS before progression; 16 of these 23 (70%) experienced conversion from low-risk or intermediate-risk MGUS within 5 years. Similar results were found for light-chain MGUS. Conclusions and Relevance: The findings of evolving risk patterns support annual blood testing and risk assessment for patients with MGUS or light-chain MGUS.</p>}},
  author       = {{Landgren, Ola and Hofmann, Jonathan N. and McShane, Charlene M. and Santo, Loredana and Hultcrantz, Malin and Korde, Neha and Mailankody, Sham and Kazandjian, DIckran and Murata, Kazunori and Thoren, Katie and Ramanathan, Lakshmi and Dogan, Ahmet and Rustad, Even and Lu, Sydney X. and Akhlaghi, Theresia and Kristinsson, Sigurdur Y. and Björkholm, Magnus and Devlin, Sean and Purdue, Mark P and Pfeiffer, Ruth M. and Turesson, Ingemar}},
  issn         = {{2374-2437}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{07}},
  publisher    = {{American Medical Association}},
  series       = {{JAMA Oncology}},
  title        = {{Association of Immune Marker Changes with Progression of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance to Multiple Myeloma}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.1568}},
  doi          = {{10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.1568}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}