Skip to main content

Lund University Publications

LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Water Quality, Availability and Potential of Geothermal Energy Utilization, Afra Water, Jordan

Aljaradin, Mohammad LU orcid ; Bashitialshaaer, Raed LU ; Alitawi, Hossam and Amaireh, Mazen (2017) In Sustainable Resources Management Journal 2(1). p.17-25
Abstract
Reusing of 3.3 MCM (million cubic meter) of water every year from utilizing thermal water of the hot springs will boost the availability of water at the Dead Sea area. This water represent an additional sources of water for agribusiness in which all available springs and similar sources can follow the same way of successful. In this work the water quality of Afra hot springs was analysed at source and compared with the water at downstream at the Dead Sea area. Microbial analysis found no traces for faecal coliform and E.coli bacteria which lower the risk for contract diseases when the water is used for irrigation without any prior treatment. The water at upstream rich with high trace of metals with a significant content of bicarbonate,... (More)
Reusing of 3.3 MCM (million cubic meter) of water every year from utilizing thermal water of the hot springs will boost the availability of water at the Dead Sea area. This water represent an additional sources of water for agribusiness in which all available springs and similar sources can follow the same way of successful. In this work the water quality of Afra hot springs was analysed at source and compared with the water at downstream at the Dead Sea area. Microbial analysis found no traces for faecal coliform and E.coli bacteria which lower the risk for contract diseases when the water is used for irrigation without any prior treatment. The water at upstream rich with high trace of metals with a significant content of bicarbonate, BOD5 and COD but within Jordanian standards for irrigation purposes. Slight variations between physicochemical parameters and trace metal contents found between the water from the source and the water at the downstream because of surface runoff interactions at the way down. Afra spring water at the source is considered as low-enthalpy geothermal sources, as the temperature is range between 45-48 oC, therefore, power generation is unlikely to be possible. However, it can be used in curative water tourist. According to the water quality and availability, different suggestions for treatment and uses will be defined in this paper. Furthermore, to evaluate the potential uses at the downstream. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Afra hot spring, utilizing thermal water, chemical analysis, agribusiness
in
Sustainable Resources Management Journal
volume
2
issue
1
article number
1
pages
9 pages
publisher
Swedish Center of Science & Education
ISSN
2002-6145
DOI
10.5281/zenodo.267944
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
dd1d70e2-e476-4278-8c4e-78fbbd7bb28e
date added to LUP
2017-02-28 08:45:47
date last changed
2019-03-08 02:35:06
@article{dd1d70e2-e476-4278-8c4e-78fbbd7bb28e,
  abstract     = {{Reusing of 3.3 MCM (million cubic meter) of water every year from utilizing thermal water of the hot springs will boost the availability of water at the Dead Sea area. This water represent an additional sources of water for agribusiness in which all available springs and similar sources can follow the same way of successful. In this work the water quality of Afra hot springs was analysed at source and compared with the water at downstream at the Dead Sea area. Microbial analysis found no traces for faecal coliform and E.coli bacteria which lower the risk for contract diseases when the water is used for irrigation without any prior treatment. The water at upstream rich with high trace of metals with a significant content of bicarbonate, BOD5 and COD but within Jordanian standards for irrigation purposes. Slight variations between physicochemical parameters and trace metal contents found between the water from the source and the water at the downstream because of surface runoff interactions at the way down. Afra spring water at the source is considered as low-enthalpy geothermal sources, as the temperature is range between 45-48 oC, therefore, power generation is unlikely to be possible. However, it can be used in curative water tourist. According to the water quality and availability, different suggestions for treatment and uses will be defined in this paper. Furthermore, to evaluate the potential uses at the downstream.}},
  author       = {{Aljaradin, Mohammad and Bashitialshaaer, Raed and Alitawi, Hossam and Amaireh, Mazen}},
  issn         = {{2002-6145}},
  keywords     = {{Afra hot spring; utilizing thermal water; chemical analysis; agribusiness}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{02}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{17--25}},
  publisher    = {{Swedish Center of Science & Education}},
  series       = {{Sustainable Resources Management Journal}},
  title        = {{Water Quality, Availability and Potential of Geothermal Energy Utilization, Afra Water, Jordan}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.267944}},
  doi          = {{10.5281/zenodo.267944}},
  volume       = {{2}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}