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LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Vattenrening på Örtoftaverket - processvatten, rökgaskondensat och dagvattendammar

Kaija, Monica LU (2016) KET920 20161
Chemical Engineering (M.Sc.Eng.)
Abstract (Swedish)
Denna rapport beskriver optimering och analysering av Örtoftaverkets vatten till recipient i följande tre områden:
• Processvattenreningen, fällning och flockning
• Rökgaskondensatet, kvicksilverreduktion
• Dagvattendammar, reningsgrad

Processvattenreningens fällning och flockning var i behov av intrimning för att öka flockstorleken och –hållfastheten, och på så vis underlätta avskiljningen av metall och suspenderad substans. Två fällningskemikalier, järnkloriden PIX-111 respektive polyaluminiumkloriden PAX-XL60, testades i kombination med den anjoniska flockningspolymeren Superfloc A-1883RS. I laboratorieskaleförsök hade de båda metallkloridernas dosering större påverkan på vattnets turbiditet än vad polymeren hade. Lägst... (More)
Denna rapport beskriver optimering och analysering av Örtoftaverkets vatten till recipient i följande tre områden:
• Processvattenreningen, fällning och flockning
• Rökgaskondensatet, kvicksilverreduktion
• Dagvattendammar, reningsgrad

Processvattenreningens fällning och flockning var i behov av intrimning för att öka flockstorleken och –hållfastheten, och på så vis underlätta avskiljningen av metall och suspenderad substans. Två fällningskemikalier, järnkloriden PIX-111 respektive polyaluminiumkloriden PAX-XL60, testades i kombination med den anjoniska flockningspolymeren Superfloc A-1883RS. I laboratorieskaleförsök hade de båda metallkloridernas dosering större påverkan på vattnets turbiditet än vad polymeren hade. Lägst turbiditet, 0,3 NTU, uppnåddes med PAXXL60-dosering över 30 ml/m3. I fullskaleförsök gav kombinationen av PIX-111 och polymeren lägst turbiditet och lägst metallinnehåll, detta efter reningsstegen fällning, flockning och sedimentering. Till följd av hög renhet på inkommande vatten föreslås minimidosering av PIX-111 (10 ml/m3) och polymeren Superfloc A-1883RS (1000 ml/m3) så länge vattenkvalitén är oförändrad.

Vattenprover från olika delar av Örtoftaverkets rökgasrening har visat på anrikning av kvicksilver i systemet, och i ett försök att sänka halterna testades ett nytt tillsatsmedel i inledningen av rökgasreningen. Produkten heter Sorbacal® SP/AC och är en blandning av ytförstorad släckt kalk och aktivt kol. Under den första halvan av den knappt sex veckor långa testperioden var anläggningsdriften stabil, och kvicksilverhalten sänktes till mindre än 3 % av föregående två års nivåer. Inför den andra halvan stod anläggningen stilla, och detta i kombination
med problematisk dosering gjorde att kvicksilverhalterna ökade. Sett till den totala testperioden var kvicksilverhalterna 24 % av 2014 års halter och 7 % av 2015 års halter. Kostnaderna för användning av tillsatsmedlen traditionell släckt kalk och Sorbacal® SP/AC jämfördes för testperiodens förhållanden. Användning av Sorbacal innebar en besparing av 400-700 kr/dygn – cirka 100-180 tkr/driftår.

Länsstyrelsen har efterfrågat dagvattendammarnas reningsgrad som en del i underlaget för deras beslut angående dammarnas utformning. Både processvatten och rökgaskondensat leds in i dammsystemet inför utsläpp till recipienten Kävlingeån. Beräkningar gjordes för analysdata från 2014 och 2015 för att få genomsnittliga reningsgrader under driftsäsong. För att få kunskap om hur dammarnas reningsgrad påverkas av regn togs nya prover ut i samband med nederbörd. Det fanns många osäkerhetsfaktorer i båda undersökningarna, och detta återspeglades i resultaten som vid flera tillfällen antog orimliga värden. Den beräknade reningsgraden var lägre än vad som hade modellerats vid dammarnas projektering, likaså var de beräknade utsläppen betydligt lägre för de flesta parametrarna. Samtliga parametrar klarade med god marginal de provisoriska utsläppskraven som fanns. Resultaten från undersökningen gällande regn indikerade att reningsgraden påverkas starkt negativt vid ett kraftigt regn efter en lång period av uppehåll, men påverkas mindre under senare delar av perioder med återkommande regn. För att få tillförlitliga värden på dammarnas reningsförmåga bör nya studier göras där samma typ av provtagning används i samtliga relevanta flöden, helst flödesproportionell. (Less)
Abstract
This report describes the optimization and analysis of the outgoing water to recipient from the heat and power plant Örtoftaverket. The following three areas were investigated:
• Process water purification, coagulation and flocculation
• Flue gas condensate, mercury reduction
• Stormwater ponds, degree of purification

The coagulation and flocculation of the process waterwas in need of optimization to increase floc size and durability, and thus facilitate the separation of metals and suspended substances. Two coagulants, the iron chloride PIX-111 and the polyaluminium chloride PAX-XL60, were tested in combination with a flocculant - the anionic polymer Superfloc A-1883RS. The two
metal chlorides had a greater impact than the polymer... (More)
This report describes the optimization and analysis of the outgoing water to recipient from the heat and power plant Örtoftaverket. The following three areas were investigated:
• Process water purification, coagulation and flocculation
• Flue gas condensate, mercury reduction
• Stormwater ponds, degree of purification

The coagulation and flocculation of the process waterwas in need of optimization to increase floc size and durability, and thus facilitate the separation of metals and suspended substances. Two coagulants, the iron chloride PIX-111 and the polyaluminium chloride PAX-XL60, were tested in combination with a flocculant - the anionic polymer Superfloc A-1883RS. The two
metal chlorides had a greater impact than the polymer had on the water turbidity in laboratory scale trials. The lowest turbidity was achieved with the PAX-XL60 dose of 30 ml/m3: 0.3 NTU. In full-scale trials, the combination of PIX-111 and the polymer resulted in the lowest turbidity and the lowest metal content after sedimentation. As a result of high purity of the incoming water, a low dose of PIX-111 (10 ml/m3) and the polymer Superfloc A-1883RS (1000 ml/m3) is proposed as long as the water remains unchanged.

Water samples from various parts of the flue gas purification in Örtoftaverket have revealed enrichment of mercury in the system. In an attempt to lower the levels, a new additive was tested in an initial step of the gas purification. The product is called Sorbacal® SP/AC and is a mixture of surface enlarged hydrated lime and active carbon. During the first half of the nearly six weeks long test period, the plant operation was stable, and the mercury content was
reduced to less than 3% of the average levels of the previous two years. The second period of the tests followed upon a maintenance shutdown, and this in combination with a problematic dosing of Sorbacal made the mercury levels increase. In terms of the total test period, the mercury levels were 24% of the 2014 levels and 7% of the 2015 levels. When comparing the use of standard hydrated lime to Sorbacal® SP/AC at the test period conditions, the use of the
latter resulted in a saving of 400-700 SEK/day – or about 100-180 thousand SEK/year of operation.

The County Administrative Board of Skåne, Länsstyrelsen in Swedish, has requested that the degree of purification of the stormwater ponds should be investigated as a part of the basis for decisions regarding the design of the ponds. Calculations based on data from 2014 and 2015 were made to get the average reduction rates of the ponds during the operating season. To gain knowledge of how the degree of purification is affected by the rain, new samples were taken in connection to rainfall. There were many uncertainties in both of the surveys, which lead to unreasonable values of the degree of purification on several occasions. The calculated degree of purification was lower than what had been modeled when planning the ponds, as were the calculated emissions in most of the cases. All the levels of the parameters were by a wide margin below the provisional emission standards. The results of the investigations concerning rain indicated that the degree of purification is strongly negatively affected by a heavy rain after a long period of drought, but less affected during the later parts of periods of recurring rain. To obtain reliable values of the treatment capacity of the ponds, new studies should be made where the same type of sampling is used in all of the relevant flows, preferably flowproportional sampling. (Less)
Popular Abstract (Swedish)
Många tungmetaller är giftiga för djur och växter när de förekommer i för höga halter i miljön. På Örtoftaverket har tungmetallutsläppen varit låga, bara några procent av de tillfälliga begränsningsvärden som miljödomstolen satt. Med en ny produkt i rökgasreningen har de ändå lyckats minska sitt utsläpp markant jämfört med tidigare år - som en bonus sänktes även produktkostnaderna.
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Kaija, Monica LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Water purification at Örtoftaverket - process water, flue gas condensate and stormwater ponds
course
KET920 20161
year
type
H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
subject
keywords
fällningskemikalie, flockning, fällning, processvatten, Sorbacal, kvicksilver, tillsatsmedel, Rökgaskondensat, rökgasrening, flockningskemikalie, dagvattendammar, reningsgrad, kemiteknik, chemical engineering
report number
2016-7
language
Swedish
id
8885326
date added to LUP
2016-06-29 13:06:19
date last changed
2016-06-29 13:06:19
@misc{8885326,
  abstract     = {{This report describes the optimization and analysis of the outgoing water to recipient from the heat and power plant Örtoftaverket. The following three areas were investigated:
• Process water purification, coagulation and flocculation
• Flue gas condensate, mercury reduction
• Stormwater ponds, degree of purification

The coagulation and flocculation of the process waterwas in need of optimization to increase floc size and durability, and thus facilitate the separation of metals and suspended substances. Two coagulants, the iron chloride PIX-111 and the polyaluminium chloride PAX-XL60, were tested in combination with a flocculant - the anionic polymer Superfloc A-1883RS. The two
metal chlorides had a greater impact than the polymer had on the water turbidity in laboratory scale trials. The lowest turbidity was achieved with the PAX-XL60 dose of 30 ml/m3: 0.3 NTU. In full-scale trials, the combination of PIX-111 and the polymer resulted in the lowest turbidity and the lowest metal content after sedimentation. As a result of high purity of the incoming water, a low dose of PIX-111 (10 ml/m3) and the polymer Superfloc A-1883RS (1000 ml/m3) is proposed as long as the water remains unchanged.

Water samples from various parts of the flue gas purification in Örtoftaverket have revealed enrichment of mercury in the system. In an attempt to lower the levels, a new additive was tested in an initial step of the gas purification. The product is called Sorbacal® SP/AC and is a mixture of surface enlarged hydrated lime and active carbon. During the first half of the nearly six weeks long test period, the plant operation was stable, and the mercury content was
reduced to less than 3% of the average levels of the previous two years. The second period of the tests followed upon a maintenance shutdown, and this in combination with a problematic dosing of Sorbacal made the mercury levels increase. In terms of the total test period, the mercury levels were 24% of the 2014 levels and 7% of the 2015 levels. When comparing the use of standard hydrated lime to Sorbacal® SP/AC at the test period conditions, the use of the
latter resulted in a saving of 400-700 SEK/day – or about 100-180 thousand SEK/year of operation.

The County Administrative Board of Skåne, Länsstyrelsen in Swedish, has requested that the degree of purification of the stormwater ponds should be investigated as a part of the basis for decisions regarding the design of the ponds. Calculations based on data from 2014 and 2015 were made to get the average reduction rates of the ponds during the operating season. To gain knowledge of how the degree of purification is affected by the rain, new samples were taken in connection to rainfall. There were many uncertainties in both of the surveys, which lead to unreasonable values of the degree of purification on several occasions. The calculated degree of purification was lower than what had been modeled when planning the ponds, as were the calculated emissions in most of the cases. All the levels of the parameters were by a wide margin below the provisional emission standards. The results of the investigations concerning rain indicated that the degree of purification is strongly negatively affected by a heavy rain after a long period of drought, but less affected during the later parts of periods of recurring rain. To obtain reliable values of the treatment capacity of the ponds, new studies should be made where the same type of sampling is used in all of the relevant flows, preferably flowproportional sampling.}},
  author       = {{Kaija, Monica}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Vattenrening på Örtoftaverket - processvatten, rökgaskondensat och dagvattendammar}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}