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Assessment of sustainability aspects when making pre-renovation decisions

Farsäter, Karin LU orcid (2022) In TVIT 22(1005).
Abstract
A considerable amount of Europe’s building stock needs to be renovated. The most common reasons for carrying out renovations are acute technical issues or the expiring life span of a building or its components. Other common reason for building owners to carry out renovations in their building stock are high costs for maintenance and operation, and a high energy demand. Furthermore, the construction and real estate sector have been found to be among the greatest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions and energy use and to increase the incentive to renovate the European Union (EU) has a strategy that include the initiative “Renovation wave”. Approximately one third of all multi-family buildings in Sweden need to be renovated, especially... (More)
A considerable amount of Europe’s building stock needs to be renovated. The most common reasons for carrying out renovations are acute technical issues or the expiring life span of a building or its components. Other common reason for building owners to carry out renovations in their building stock are high costs for maintenance and operation, and a high energy demand. Furthermore, the construction and real estate sector have been found to be among the greatest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions and energy use and to increase the incentive to renovate the European Union (EU) has a strategy that include the initiative “Renovation wave”. Approximately one third of all multi-family buildings in Sweden need to be renovated, especially multi-family buildings and schools constructed during the record years.
Buildings can be seen as our most complex and durable consumer goods. Subsequently, in renovation projects, decision-making is also a complex matter and during the initial evaluation phase of a renovation project it has been seen that there is a lack of time, knowledge, information and tools to make decisions.
The hypothesis in this thesis is “Building owners do not, in a systematic way, take into account and manage sustainability aspects in pre-renovation decisions”.
The hypothesis was investigated by seven studies that have been carried out by using different methods, such as case studies, surveys, action research, documentation, and literature studies as well as life cycle assessments including scenario and sensitivity assessments.
First a literature review on different renovation strategies that could support in including sustainable aspects systematically within the areas of economy, environment and social was conducted. The review showed that there are several strategies to support decisions of sustainability aspects in a renovation process. The problem does not seem to be lack of strategies but rather the implementation of existing strategies as well as continuous development of the strategies.
Therefore, the building owners´ consideration and implementation of a number of sustainability aspects were further investigated. Within the category ‘economic aspects’, the focus was on energy costs and profitability. For the category of environmental aspect, focus was on energy use and climate change potential. Social aspects mainly included indoor environmental quality, but also other social aspects that came to light during the performed case study.
When analysing previous renovation projects, it was evident that information from earlier renovations was limited. It seems, in these cases, that there is a lack of systematic documentation about how the information before a renovation was generated. Information seems to be missing or linked to an individual person. Systematic feedback and exchange of experience is therefore vulnerable as people change jobs or retire which complicates the transfer of knowledge to future renovation projects. When following the early phase of a school renovation it was evident how important earlier experiences were. The discussions that were carried out in the early planning phase were, to a great extent, due to the earlier experiences from the included participants.
Finally, climate change potential for energy renovation measures was assessed. The results showed that if the energy mix is assumed to change in the future, with less fossil fuel and more renewable sources for electricity, the assessment of energy renovation measures is important to perform. The minimum and maximum variation in materials´ climate change potential show that assessment of different choices of materials should always be carried out before a renovation measure is performed.
Based on the results from the performed studies, the hypothesis in this thesis is partly proven. Building owners have started to manage and treat several sustainability aspects in pre-renovation decisions. Methods to consider sustainable aspect of energy use was found to be much more developed than methods to consider aspect such as climate change potential that is in the beginning of the development. A variation of social aspects is treated in different renovation projects but more depending on what is considered to be of importance, than with a systematic approach.
However, sustainability aspects are not yet managed in a systematic way. Even though there are several renovation strategies and frameworks with methods and tools available, these are not yet implemented and used in a systematic way by building owners.
Furthermore, common for all aspects, there is a need for building owners to adapt the renovation strategies aspect to the conditions of their company and the specific renovation project. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
En betydande del av Europas byggnadsbestånd behöver renoveras. De vanligaste anledningarna till att man genomför renoveringar är akuta tekniska problem eller en byggnads eller dess komponenters utgående livslängd. Andra vanliga skäl för byggherrar att genomföra renoveringar i sitt byggnadsbestånd är höga kostnader för underhåll och drift samt ett högt energibehov. Dessutom har bygg- och fastighetssektorn visat sig vara bland de största bidragsgivarna till utsläpp av växthusgaser och energianvändning och för att öka incitamentet att renovera Europeiska unionen (EU) har en strategi som inkluderar initiativet "Renovationsvåg". Ungefär en tredjedel av alla flerfamiljshus i Sverige behöver renoveras, särskilt flerfamiljshus och skolor som... (More)
En betydande del av Europas byggnadsbestånd behöver renoveras. De vanligaste anledningarna till att man genomför renoveringar är akuta tekniska problem eller en byggnads eller dess komponenters utgående livslängd. Andra vanliga skäl för byggherrar att genomföra renoveringar i sitt byggnadsbestånd är höga kostnader för underhåll och drift samt ett högt energibehov. Dessutom har bygg- och fastighetssektorn visat sig vara bland de största bidragsgivarna till utsläpp av växthusgaser och energianvändning och för att öka incitamentet att renovera Europeiska unionen (EU) har en strategi som inkluderar initiativet "Renovationsvåg". Ungefär en tredjedel av alla flerfamiljshus i Sverige behöver renoveras, särskilt flerfamiljshus och skolor som byggts under rekordåren.
Byggnader kan ses som våra mest komplexa och hållbara konsumtionsvaror. Därefter, i renoveringsprojekt, är beslutsfattande också en komplex fråga och under den inledande utvärderingsfasen av ett renoveringsprojekt har man sett att det saknas tid, kunskap, information och verktyg för att fatta beslut.

Hypotesen i denna uppsats är ”Byggnadsägare tar inte på ett systematiskt sätt hänsyn till och hanterar hållbarhetsaspekter i beslut inför renovering”.
Hypotesen har undersökts av sju studier som har genomförts med olika metoder, såsom fallstudier, undersökningar, aktionsforskning, dokumentation och litteraturstudier samt livscykelbedömningar inklusive scenario- och känslighetsbedömningar.

Först genomfördes en litteraturgenomgång om olika renoveringsstrategier som skulle kunna stödja i att systematiskt inkludera hållbara aspekter inom områdena ekonomi, miljö och socialt. Granskningen visade att det finns flera strategier för att stödja beslut av hållbarhetsaspekter i en renoveringsprocess. Problemet verkar inte vara bristen på strategier utan snarare implementeringen av befintliga strategier samt kontinuerlig utveckling av strategierna.

Därför undersöktes byggägarnas övervägande och genomförande av ett antal hållbarhetsaspekter ytterligare. Inom kategorin ’ekonomiska aspekter’ låg fokus på energikostnader och lönsamhet. För kategorin miljöaspekt låg fokus på energianvändning och klimatförändringspotential. Sociala aspekter omfattade främst inomhusmiljökvalitet, men även andra sociala aspekter som kom fram under den utförda fallstudien.

Vid analys av tidigare renoveringsprojekt visade det sig att informationen från tidigare renoveringar var begränsad. Det verkar i dessa fall saknas systematisk dokumentation om hur informationen inför en renovering genererades. Information verkar saknas eller är kopplad till en enskild person. Systematisk återkoppling och erfarenhetsutbyte är därför sårbart då människor byter jobb eller går i pension vilket försvårar kunskapsöverföringen till framtida renoveringsprojekt. När man följde den tidiga fasen av en skolrenovering var det uppenbart hur viktiga tidigare erfarenheter var. De diskussioner som fördes i den tidiga planeringsfasen berodde till stor del på de tidigare erfarenheterna från de inkluderade deltagarna.

Slutligen utvärderades klimatförändringspotentialen för energirenoveringsåtgärder. Resultaten visade att om energimixen antas förändras i framtiden, med mindre fossila bränslen och fler förnybara källor för el, är bedömningen av energirenoveringsåtgärder viktig att utföra. Minsta och maximala variation i materialens klimatförändringspotential visar att bedömning av olika materialval alltid bör göras innan en renoveringsåtgärd utförs.

Baserat på resultaten från de utförda studierna är hypotesen i denna avhandling delvis bevisad. Byggnadsägare har börjat hantera och behandla flera hållbarhetsaspekter i beslut inför renovering. Metoder för att beakta hållbara aspekter av energianvändning visade sig vara mycket mer utvecklade än metoder för att beakta aspekter som klimatförändringspotential som är i början av utvecklingen. En variation av sociala aspekter behandlas i olika renoveringsprojekt men mer beroende på vad som anses vara av betydelse än med ett systematiskt tillvägagångssätt.

Hållbarhetsaspekter hanteras dock ännu inte på ett systematiskt sätt. Även om det finns flera renoveringsstrategier och ramverk med metoder och verktyg tillgängliga är dessa ännu inte implementerade och används på ett systematiskt sätt av byggherrar. Dessutom, gemensamt för alla aspekter, finns det ett behov för byggherrar att anpassa renoveringsstrategiaspekten till förhållandena för deras företag och det specifika renoveringsprojektet. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • Prof. Olofsson, Thomas, Umeå University, Sweden .
organization
alternative title
Bedöma hållbarhetsaspekter inför ett beslut om renovering
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Ombyggnad, Livscykelanalys (LCA), Potentiell klimatpåverkan, Renoveringsbeslut, Refurbishment, Retrofit, Life cycle assessment (LCA), Climate change potential
in
TVIT
volume
22
issue
1005
pages
80 pages
publisher
Division of Building Services, LTH, Lund University
defense location
Lecture Hall V:A, building V, John Ericssons väg 1, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University, Lund.
defense date
2022-05-30 13:00:00
ISSN
1652-6783
1652-6783
ISBN
978-91-85415-16-8
978-91-85415-17-5
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
0db8185a-054b-4629-bf01-a8c4eef14311
date added to LUP
2022-05-03 13:09:44
date last changed
2023-05-04 14:19:56
@phdthesis{0db8185a-054b-4629-bf01-a8c4eef14311,
  abstract     = {{A considerable amount of Europe’s building stock needs to be renovated. The most common reasons for carrying out renovations are acute technical issues or the expiring life span of a building or its components. Other common reason for building owners to carry out renovations in their building stock are high costs for maintenance and operation, and a high energy demand. Furthermore, the construction and real estate sector have been found to be among the greatest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions and energy use and to increase the incentive to renovate the European Union (EU) has a strategy that include the initiative “Renovation wave”. Approximately one third of all multi-family buildings in Sweden need to be renovated, especially multi-family buildings and schools constructed during the record years. <br/>Buildings can be seen as our most complex and durable consumer goods. Subsequently, in renovation projects, decision-making is also a complex matter and during the initial evaluation phase of a renovation project it has been seen that there is a lack of time, knowledge, information and tools to make decisions. <br/>The hypothesis in this thesis is “Building owners do not, in a systematic way, take into account and manage sustainability aspects in pre-renovation decisions”. <br/>The hypothesis was investigated by seven studies that have been carried out by using different methods, such as case studies, surveys, action research, documentation, and literature studies as well as life cycle assessments including scenario and sensitivity assessments.<br/>First a literature review on different renovation strategies that could support in including sustainable aspects systematically within the areas of economy, environment and social was conducted. The review showed that there are several strategies to support decisions of sustainability aspects in a renovation process. The problem does not seem to be lack of strategies but rather the implementation of existing strategies as well as continuous development of the strategies.<br/>Therefore, the building owners´ consideration and implementation of a number of sustainability aspects were further investigated. Within the category ‘economic aspects’, the focus was on energy costs and profitability. For the category of environmental aspect, focus was on energy use and climate change potential. Social aspects mainly included indoor environmental quality, but also other social aspects that came to light during the performed case study.<br/>When analysing previous renovation projects, it was evident that information from earlier renovations was limited. It seems, in these cases, that there is a lack of systematic documentation about how the information before a renovation was generated. Information seems to be missing or linked to an individual person. Systematic feedback and exchange of experience is therefore vulnerable as people change jobs or retire which complicates the transfer of knowledge to future renovation projects. When following the early phase of a school renovation it was evident how important earlier experiences were. The discussions that were carried out in the early planning phase were, to a great extent, due to the earlier experiences from the included participants.<br/>Finally, climate change potential for energy renovation measures was assessed. The results showed that if the energy mix is assumed to change in the future, with less fossil fuel and more renewable sources for electricity, the assessment of energy renovation measures is important to perform. The minimum and maximum variation in materials´ climate change potential show that assessment of different choices of materials should always be carried out before a renovation measure is performed.<br/>Based on the results from the performed studies, the hypothesis in this thesis is partly proven. Building owners have started to manage and treat several sustainability aspects in pre-renovation decisions. Methods to consider sustainable aspect of energy use was found to be much more developed than methods to consider aspect such as climate change potential that is in the beginning of the development. A variation of social aspects is treated in different renovation projects but more depending on what is considered to be of importance, than with a systematic approach. <br/>However, sustainability aspects are not yet managed in a systematic way. Even though there are several renovation strategies and frameworks with methods and tools available, these are not yet implemented and used in a systematic way by building owners. <br/>Furthermore, common for all aspects, there is a need for building owners to adapt the renovation strategies aspect to the conditions of their company and the specific renovation project.}},
  author       = {{Farsäter, Karin}},
  isbn         = {{978-91-85415-16-8}},
  issn         = {{1652-6783}},
  keywords     = {{Ombyggnad; Livscykelanalys (LCA); Potentiell klimatpåverkan; Renoveringsbeslut; Refurbishment; Retrofit; Life cycle assessment (LCA); Climate change potential}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{04}},
  number       = {{1005}},
  publisher    = {{Division of Building Services, LTH, Lund University}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  series       = {{TVIT}},
  title        = {{Assessment of sustainability aspects when making pre-renovation decisions}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/117544913/2022_05_03_DoktAvhandling_digitalversion_kombined.pdf}},
  volume       = {{22}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}