Human endogenous retrovirus family HERV-K(HML-5): Status, evolution, and reconstruction of an ancient betaretrovirus in the human genome
Lavie, Laurence ; Medstrand, Patrik LU
; Schempp, Werner
; Meese, Eckart
and Mayer, Jens
(2004)
In Journal of Virology
78(16).
p.8788-8798
- Abstract
- The human genome harbors numerous distinct families of so-called human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) which are remnants of exogenous retroviruses that entered the germ line millions of years ago. We describe here the hitherto little-characterized betaretrovirus HERV-K(HML-5) family (named HERVK22 in Repbase) in greater detail. Out of 139 proviruses, only a few loci represent full-length proviruses, and many lack gag protease and/or env gene regions. We generated a consensus sequence from multiple alignment of 62 HML-5 loci that displays open reading frames for the four major retroviral proteins. Four HML-5 long terminal repeat (LTR) subfamilies were identified that are associated with monophyletic proviral bodies, implying different... (More)
- The human genome harbors numerous distinct families of so-called human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) which are remnants of exogenous retroviruses that entered the germ line millions of years ago. We describe here the hitherto little-characterized betaretrovirus HERV-K(HML-5) family (named HERVK22 in Repbase) in greater detail. Out of 139 proviruses, only a few loci represent full-length proviruses, and many lack gag protease and/or env gene regions. We generated a consensus sequence from multiple alignment of 62 HML-5 loci that displays open reading frames for the four major retroviral proteins. Four HML-5 long terminal repeat (LTR) subfamilies were identified that are associated with monophyletic proviral bodies, implying different evolution of HML-5 LTRs and genes. Sequence analysis indicated that the proviruses formed approximately 55 million years ago. Accordingly, HML-5 proviral sequences were detected in Old World and New World primates but not in prosimians. No recent activity is associated with this HERV family. We also conclude that the HML-5 consensus sequence primer binding site is identical to methionine tRNA. Therefore, the family should be designated HERV-M. Our study provides important insights into the structure and evolution of the oldest betaretrovirus in the primate genome known to date. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/141910
- author
- Lavie, Laurence
; Medstrand, Patrik
LU
; Schempp, Werner
; Meese, Eckart
and Mayer, Jens
- organization
- publishing date
- 2004
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- in
- Journal of Virology
- volume
- 78
- issue
- 16
- pages
- 8788 - 8798
- publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- external identifiers
-
- pmid:15280487
- wos:000223046000038
- scopus:3543069877
- ISSN
- 1098-5514
- DOI
- 10.1128/JVI.78.16.8788-8798.2004
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 404f4fe1-0ab7-4ac6-90f1-2c7825d5a46d (old id 141910)
- alternative location
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15280487&query_hl=47
- date added to LUP
- 2016-04-01 16:17:02
- date last changed
- 2022-02-20 05:01:31
@article{404f4fe1-0ab7-4ac6-90f1-2c7825d5a46d,
abstract = {{The human genome harbors numerous distinct families of so-called human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) which are remnants of exogenous retroviruses that entered the germ line millions of years ago. We describe here the hitherto little-characterized betaretrovirus HERV-K(HML-5) family (named HERVK22 in Repbase) in greater detail. Out of 139 proviruses, only a few loci represent full-length proviruses, and many lack gag protease and/or env gene regions. We generated a consensus sequence from multiple alignment of 62 HML-5 loci that displays open reading frames for the four major retroviral proteins. Four HML-5 long terminal repeat (LTR) subfamilies were identified that are associated with monophyletic proviral bodies, implying different evolution of HML-5 LTRs and genes. Sequence analysis indicated that the proviruses formed approximately 55 million years ago. Accordingly, HML-5 proviral sequences were detected in Old World and New World primates but not in prosimians. No recent activity is associated with this HERV family. We also conclude that the HML-5 consensus sequence primer binding site is identical to methionine tRNA. Therefore, the family should be designated HERV-M. Our study provides important insights into the structure and evolution of the oldest betaretrovirus in the primate genome known to date.}},
author = {{Lavie, Laurence and Medstrand, Patrik and Schempp, Werner and Meese, Eckart and Mayer, Jens}},
issn = {{1098-5514}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{16}},
pages = {{8788--8798}},
publisher = {{American Society for Microbiology}},
series = {{Journal of Virology}},
title = {{Human endogenous retrovirus family HERV-K(HML-5): Status, evolution, and reconstruction of an ancient betaretrovirus in the human genome}},
url = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/4625649/624796.pdf}},
doi = {{10.1128/JVI.78.16.8788-8798.2004}},
volume = {{78}},
year = {{2004}},
}