Blood cadmium is associated with increased fracture risk in never-smokers - results from a case-control study using data from the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort
(2024) In Bone 179.- Abstract
Background: Several studies have shown associations between cadmium (Cd) exposure and an increased risk of fractures. However, the size of the risk is still unclear and proper adjustment for smoking is a challenge. The aim of this study was to quantify the association between dietary cadmium measured in blood and fracture risk in the general Swedish population through a large population-based case-control study in never-smokers. Methods: The study included 2113 incident cases with osteoporosis-related fractures and the same number of age- and sex-matched controls in never-smokers from the Swedish population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer study cohort. Cd in blood (B-Cd) was analyzed at baseline (1991–1996). Incident osteoporosis-related... (More)
Background: Several studies have shown associations between cadmium (Cd) exposure and an increased risk of fractures. However, the size of the risk is still unclear and proper adjustment for smoking is a challenge. The aim of this study was to quantify the association between dietary cadmium measured in blood and fracture risk in the general Swedish population through a large population-based case-control study in never-smokers. Methods: The study included 2113 incident cases with osteoporosis-related fractures and the same number of age- and sex-matched controls in never-smokers from the Swedish population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer study cohort. Cd in blood (B-Cd) was analyzed at baseline (1991–1996). Incident osteoporosis-related fractures (of the hip, distal radius, and proximal humerus) up to the year 2014 were identified using the National Patient Register. Associations between B-Cd and fractures were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Median B-Cd was 0.22 μg/L (P25 = 0.16, P75 = 0.31) among 2103 cases and 0.21 (P25 = 0.15, P75 = 0.30) among 2105 controls. The risk of fracture was significantly increased (OR 1.58; 95 % confidence interval 1.08–2.31, per μg/L of B-Cd), after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, physical activity, and fiber consumption. In analyses by cadmium quartiles, the OR increased monotonically and was significant in the highest quartile of B-Cd (for B-Cd > 0.31 versus B-Cd < 0.15 μg/L; OR 1.21; 95 % confidence interval 1.01–1.45). Conclusion: Even modestly increased blood cadmium in never-smokers is associated with increased risk of incident osteoporosis-related fractures.
(Less)
- author
- Wallin, Maria ; Andersson, Eva M. and Engström, Gunnar LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2024
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Cadmium, Diseases and disorders of/related to bone, Epidemiology, Fractures, General population studies, Osteoporosis
- in
- Bone
- volume
- 179
- article number
- 116989
- publisher
- Elsevier
- external identifiers
-
- pmid:38072370
- scopus:85180760918
- ISSN
- 8756-3282
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116989
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 2ccbeaeb-e5ec-4f07-afbe-c95ac348516c
- date added to LUP
- 2024-02-12 11:45:43
- date last changed
- 2025-02-03 09:01:38
@article{2ccbeaeb-e5ec-4f07-afbe-c95ac348516c,
abstract = {{<p>Background: Several studies have shown associations between cadmium (Cd) exposure and an increased risk of fractures. However, the size of the risk is still unclear and proper adjustment for smoking is a challenge. The aim of this study was to quantify the association between dietary cadmium measured in blood and fracture risk in the general Swedish population through a large population-based case-control study in never-smokers. Methods: The study included 2113 incident cases with osteoporosis-related fractures and the same number of age- and sex-matched controls in never-smokers from the Swedish population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer study cohort. Cd in blood (B-Cd) was analyzed at baseline (1991–1996). Incident osteoporosis-related fractures (of the hip, distal radius, and proximal humerus) up to the year 2014 were identified using the National Patient Register. Associations between B-Cd and fractures were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Median B-Cd was 0.22 μg/L (P25 = 0.16, P75 = 0.31) among 2103 cases and 0.21 (P25 = 0.15, P75 = 0.30) among 2105 controls. The risk of fracture was significantly increased (OR 1.58; 95 % confidence interval 1.08–2.31, per μg/L of B-Cd), after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, physical activity, and fiber consumption. In analyses by cadmium quartiles, the OR increased monotonically and was significant in the highest quartile of B-Cd (for B-Cd > 0.31 versus B-Cd < 0.15 μg/L; OR 1.21; 95 % confidence interval 1.01–1.45). Conclusion: Even modestly increased blood cadmium in never-smokers is associated with increased risk of incident osteoporosis-related fractures.</p>}},
author = {{Wallin, Maria and Andersson, Eva M. and Engström, Gunnar}},
issn = {{8756-3282}},
keywords = {{Cadmium; Diseases and disorders of/related to bone; Epidemiology; Fractures; General population studies; Osteoporosis}},
language = {{eng}},
publisher = {{Elsevier}},
series = {{Bone}},
title = {{Blood cadmium is associated with increased fracture risk in never-smokers - results from a case-control study using data from the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2023.116989}},
doi = {{10.1016/j.bone.2023.116989}},
volume = {{179}},
year = {{2024}},
}