Air contaminants in a submarine equipped with air independent propulsion
(2006) In Journal of Environmental Monitoring 8(11). p.1111-1121- Abstract
- The Swedish Navy has operated submarines equipped with air independent propulsion for two decades. This type of submarine can stay submerged for periods far longer than other nonnuclear submarines are capable of. The air quality during longer periods of submersion has so far not been thoroughly investigated. This study presents results for a number of air quality parameters obtained during more than one week of continuous submerged operation. The measured parameters are pressure, temperature, relative humidity, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, formaldehyde and other volatile organic compounds, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter and microbiological contaminants. The measurements of airborne particles demonstrate that air... (More)
- The Swedish Navy has operated submarines equipped with air independent propulsion for two decades. This type of submarine can stay submerged for periods far longer than other nonnuclear submarines are capable of. The air quality during longer periods of submersion has so far not been thoroughly investigated. This study presents results for a number of air quality parameters obtained during more than one week of continuous submerged operation. The measured parameters are pressure, temperature, relative humidity, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, formaldehyde and other volatile organic compounds, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter and microbiological contaminants. The measurements of airborne particles demonstrate that air pollutants typically occur at a low baseline level due to high air exchange rates and efficient air-cleaning devices. However, short-lived peaks with comparatively high concentrations occur, several of the sources for these have been identified. The concentrations of the pollutants measured in this study do not indicate a build-up of hazardous compounds during eight days of submersion. It is reasonable to assume that a substantial build-up of the investigated contaminants is not likely if the submersion period is prolonged several times, which is the case for modern submarines equipped with air independent propulsion. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/378815
- author
- Persson, Ola ; Ostberg, Christina ; Pagels, Joakim LU and Sebastian, Aleksandra LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2006
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- in
- Journal of Environmental Monitoring
- volume
- 8
- issue
- 11
- pages
- 1111 - 1121
- publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry
- external identifiers
-
- wos:000241648500002
- scopus:33750572454
- ISSN
- 1464-0325
- DOI
- 10.1039/b605331a
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 795a7828-acf8-46d9-ad5c-5478db62f233 (old id 378815)
- date added to LUP
- 2016-04-01 11:40:13
- date last changed
- 2022-03-05 04:41:16
@article{795a7828-acf8-46d9-ad5c-5478db62f233,
abstract = {{The Swedish Navy has operated submarines equipped with air independent propulsion for two decades. This type of submarine can stay submerged for periods far longer than other nonnuclear submarines are capable of. The air quality during longer periods of submersion has so far not been thoroughly investigated. This study presents results for a number of air quality parameters obtained during more than one week of continuous submerged operation. The measured parameters are pressure, temperature, relative humidity, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, formaldehyde and other volatile organic compounds, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter and microbiological contaminants. The measurements of airborne particles demonstrate that air pollutants typically occur at a low baseline level due to high air exchange rates and efficient air-cleaning devices. However, short-lived peaks with comparatively high concentrations occur, several of the sources for these have been identified. The concentrations of the pollutants measured in this study do not indicate a build-up of hazardous compounds during eight days of submersion. It is reasonable to assume that a substantial build-up of the investigated contaminants is not likely if the submersion period is prolonged several times, which is the case for modern submarines equipped with air independent propulsion.}},
author = {{Persson, Ola and Ostberg, Christina and Pagels, Joakim and Sebastian, Aleksandra}},
issn = {{1464-0325}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{11}},
pages = {{1111--1121}},
publisher = {{Royal Society of Chemistry}},
series = {{Journal of Environmental Monitoring}},
title = {{Air contaminants in a submarine equipped with air independent propulsion}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b605331a}},
doi = {{10.1039/b605331a}},
volume = {{8}},
year = {{2006}},
}