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Impact of the gut microbiome on immunological responses to COVID-19 vaccination in healthy controls and people living with HIV

Ray, Shilpa ; Narayanan, Aswathy ; Vesterbacka, Jan ; Blennow, Ola ; Chen, Puran ; Gao, Yu ; Gabarrini, Giorgio ; Ljunggren, Hans-Gustaf ; Buggert, Marcus and Manoharan, Lokeshwaran LU orcid , et al. (2023) In npj Biofilms and Microbiomes 9(1).
Abstract

Although mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are generally safe and effective, in certain immunocompromised individuals they can elicit poor immunogenic responses. Among these individuals, people living with HIV (PLWH) have poor immunogenicity to several oral and parenteral vaccines. As the gut microbiome is known to affect vaccine immunogenicity, we investigated whether baseline gut microbiota predicts immune responses to the BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in healthy controls and PLWH after two doses of BNT162b2. Individuals with high spike IgG titers and high spike-specific CD4 + T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 showed low α-diversity in the gut. Here, we investigated and presented initial evidence that the gut microbial composition... (More)

Although mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are generally safe and effective, in certain immunocompromised individuals they can elicit poor immunogenic responses. Among these individuals, people living with HIV (PLWH) have poor immunogenicity to several oral and parenteral vaccines. As the gut microbiome is known to affect vaccine immunogenicity, we investigated whether baseline gut microbiota predicts immune responses to the BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in healthy controls and PLWH after two doses of BNT162b2. Individuals with high spike IgG titers and high spike-specific CD4 + T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 showed low α-diversity in the gut. Here, we investigated and presented initial evidence that the gut microbial composition influences the response to BNT162b2 in PLWH. From our predictive models, Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium appeared to be microbial markers of individuals with higher spike IgG titers, while Cloacibacillus was associated with low spike IgG titers. We therefore propose that microbiome modulation could optimize immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Humans, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, COVID-19 Vaccines, BNT162 Vaccine, COVID-19/prevention & control, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination, RNA, Messenger, HIV Infections, Immunoglobulin G
in
npj Biofilms and Microbiomes
volume
9
issue
1
article number
104
publisher
Nature Publishing Group
external identifiers
  • scopus:85180214273
  • pmid:38123600
ISSN
2055-5008
DOI
10.1038/s41522-023-00461-w
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
3d8dedf4-39fc-470e-9ec3-c0478dd7da34
date added to LUP
2023-12-25 20:20:27
date last changed
2025-01-29 15:40:54
@article{3d8dedf4-39fc-470e-9ec3-c0478dd7da34,
  abstract     = {{<p>Although mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are generally safe and effective, in certain immunocompromised individuals they can elicit poor immunogenic responses. Among these individuals, people living with HIV (PLWH) have poor immunogenicity to several oral and parenteral vaccines. As the gut microbiome is known to affect vaccine immunogenicity, we investigated whether baseline gut microbiota predicts immune responses to the BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in healthy controls and PLWH after two doses of BNT162b2. Individuals with high spike IgG titers and high spike-specific CD4 + T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 showed low α-diversity in the gut. Here, we investigated and presented initial evidence that the gut microbial composition influences the response to BNT162b2 in PLWH. From our predictive models, Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium appeared to be microbial markers of individuals with higher spike IgG titers, while Cloacibacillus was associated with low spike IgG titers. We therefore propose that microbiome modulation could optimize immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. </p>}},
  author       = {{Ray, Shilpa and Narayanan, Aswathy and Vesterbacka, Jan and Blennow, Ola and Chen, Puran and Gao, Yu and Gabarrini, Giorgio and Ljunggren, Hans-Gustaf and Buggert, Marcus and Manoharan, Lokeshwaran and Chen, Margaret Sällberg and Aleman, Soo and Sönnerborg, Anders and Nowak, Piotr}},
  issn         = {{2055-5008}},
  keywords     = {{Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; COVID-19 Vaccines; BNT162 Vaccine; COVID-19/prevention & control; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccination; RNA, Messenger; HIV Infections; Immunoglobulin G}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{12}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  series       = {{npj Biofilms and Microbiomes}},
  title        = {{Impact of the gut microbiome on immunological responses to COVID-19 vaccination in healthy controls and people living with HIV}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41522-023-00461-w}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/s41522-023-00461-w}},
  volume       = {{9}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}