Mechanisms of soft tissue and protein preservation in Tyrannosaurus rex
(2019) In Scientific Reports 9.- Abstract
The idea that original soft tissue structures and the native structural proteins comprising them can persist across geological time is controversial, in part because rigorous and testable mechanisms that can occur under natural conditions, resulting in such preservation, have not been well defined. Here, we evaluate two non-enzymatic structural protein crosslinking mechanisms, Fenton chemistry and glycation, for their possible contribution to the preservation of blood vessel structures recovered from the cortical bone of a Tyrannosaurus rex (USNM 555000 [formerly, MOR 555]). We demonstrate the endogeneity of the fossil vessel tissues, as well as the presence of type I collagen in the outermost vessel layers, using imaging, diffraction,... (More)
The idea that original soft tissue structures and the native structural proteins comprising them can persist across geological time is controversial, in part because rigorous and testable mechanisms that can occur under natural conditions, resulting in such preservation, have not been well defined. Here, we evaluate two non-enzymatic structural protein crosslinking mechanisms, Fenton chemistry and glycation, for their possible contribution to the preservation of blood vessel structures recovered from the cortical bone of a Tyrannosaurus rex (USNM 555000 [formerly, MOR 555]). We demonstrate the endogeneity of the fossil vessel tissues, as well as the presence of type I collagen in the outermost vessel layers, using imaging, diffraction, spectroscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Then, we use data derived from synchrotron FTIR studies of the T. rex vessels to analyse their crosslink character, with comparison against two non-enzymatic Fenton chemistry- and glycation-treated extant chicken samples. We also provide supporting X-ray microprobe analyses of the chemical state of these fossil tissues to support our conclusion that non-enzymatic crosslinking pathways likely contributed to stabilizing, and thus preserving, these T. rex vessels. Finally, we propose that these stabilizing crosslinks could play a crucial role in the preservation of other microvascular tissues in skeletal elements from the Mesozoic.
(Less)
- author
- Boatman, Elizabeth M. ; Goodwin, Mark B. ; Holman, Hoi Ying N. ; Fakra, Sirine ; Zheng, Wenxia ; Gronsky, Ronald and Schweitzer, Mary H. LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2019-10
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- in
- Scientific Reports
- volume
- 9
- article number
- 15678
- publisher
- Nature Publishing Group
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85074274446
- pmid:31666554
- ISSN
- 2045-2322
- DOI
- 10.1038/s41598-019-51680-1
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 54b48927-f5f5-4dc2-9979-41864c324f65
- date added to LUP
- 2019-11-13 13:44:15
- date last changed
- 2024-06-13 07:08:25
@article{54b48927-f5f5-4dc2-9979-41864c324f65,
abstract = {{<p>The idea that original soft tissue structures and the native structural proteins comprising them can persist across geological time is controversial, in part because rigorous and testable mechanisms that can occur under natural conditions, resulting in such preservation, have not been well defined. Here, we evaluate two non-enzymatic structural protein crosslinking mechanisms, Fenton chemistry and glycation, for their possible contribution to the preservation of blood vessel structures recovered from the cortical bone of a Tyrannosaurus rex (USNM 555000 [formerly, MOR 555]). We demonstrate the endogeneity of the fossil vessel tissues, as well as the presence of type I collagen in the outermost vessel layers, using imaging, diffraction, spectroscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Then, we use data derived from synchrotron FTIR studies of the T. rex vessels to analyse their crosslink character, with comparison against two non-enzymatic Fenton chemistry- and glycation-treated extant chicken samples. We also provide supporting X-ray microprobe analyses of the chemical state of these fossil tissues to support our conclusion that non-enzymatic crosslinking pathways likely contributed to stabilizing, and thus preserving, these T. rex vessels. Finally, we propose that these stabilizing crosslinks could play a crucial role in the preservation of other microvascular tissues in skeletal elements from the Mesozoic.</p>}},
author = {{Boatman, Elizabeth M. and Goodwin, Mark B. and Holman, Hoi Ying N. and Fakra, Sirine and Zheng, Wenxia and Gronsky, Ronald and Schweitzer, Mary H.}},
issn = {{2045-2322}},
language = {{eng}},
publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
series = {{Scientific Reports}},
title = {{Mechanisms of soft tissue and protein preservation in Tyrannosaurus rex}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51680-1}},
doi = {{10.1038/s41598-019-51680-1}},
volume = {{9}},
year = {{2019}},
}