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The association between common urogenital infections and cervical neoplasia – A nationwide cohort study of over four million women (2002–2018)

Jansåker, Filip LU ; Li, Xinjun LU ; Knudsen, Jenny Dahl ; Frimodt-Møller, Niels ; Borgfeldt, Christer LU and Sundquist, Kristina LU (2022) In The Lancet Regional Health - Europe 17.
Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in women worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the association between common urogenital infections and cervical neoplasia. Methods: A multi-register national cohort study of 4,120,557 women aged ≥15 years (2002–2018) was conducted. The outcomes were cervical cancer and carcinoma in situ (Swedish Cancer Register). The main predictors were urogenital infections—(urinary) cystitis, (bacterial) vaginosis, (candida) vulvovaginitis. Incidence rates per 10,000 person-years were calculated (using the European Standard Population). Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) while adjusting for possible confounders—other genital infections (e.g., cervicitis,... (More)

Background: Cervical cancer is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in women worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the association between common urogenital infections and cervical neoplasia. Methods: A multi-register national cohort study of 4,120,557 women aged ≥15 years (2002–2018) was conducted. The outcomes were cervical cancer and carcinoma in situ (Swedish Cancer Register). The main predictors were urogenital infections—(urinary) cystitis, (bacterial) vaginosis, (candida) vulvovaginitis. Incidence rates per 10,000 person-years were calculated (using the European Standard Population). Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) while adjusting for possible confounders—other genital infections (e.g., cervicitis, salpingitis, urogenital herpes), parity, and sociodemographic factors. Findings: In 39·0 million person-years of follow-up, the incidence rate for cervical cancer was 1·2 (95% CI 1·1–1·2) per 10,000 person-years and the figure for cervical carcinoma in situ was more than tenfold higher. The fully adjusted HRs for cervical cancer were 1·31 (95% CI 1·15 and 1·48) and 1·22 (95% CI 1·16 and 1·29) for vaginosis and cystitis, respectively. Vaginosis showed a gradient association to carcinoma in situ. Vulvovaginitis was inversely associated with cervical cancer, but not significantly related with carcinoma in situ in the fully adjusted model. A temporal association with cervical cancer was observed for vaginosis and vulvovaginitis (inversely) but not for cystitis. Interpretation: In this large nationwide cohort of women, medically attended common urogenital infections were independently associated with cervical neoplasia, but cystitis was not temporally associated with cervical neoplasia. These findings could be used to increase focus on preventive measures, HPV-vaccination programmes, HPV-analyses- and cervical cancer screening, especially in women suffering from vaginosis. Future studies on the causal mechanism are warranted before generalized public health recommendations can be made. Funding: Region Skåne, Tore Nilsons Stiftelse, and Swedish Society of Medicine.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Bacterial vaginosis, Cervical cancer, Cystitis, Sociodemographic factors, Urogenital infections, Vaginal infections
in
The Lancet Regional Health - Europe
volume
17
article number
100378
publisher
Elsevier
external identifiers
  • pmid:35494213
  • scopus:85129594271
ISSN
2666-7762
DOI
10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100378
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
6df4185c-eef3-4bcf-98e7-696f98517b4c
date added to LUP
2022-07-06 13:46:33
date last changed
2024-11-01 00:28:23
@article{6df4185c-eef3-4bcf-98e7-696f98517b4c,
  abstract     = {{<p>Background: Cervical cancer is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in women worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the association between common urogenital infections and cervical neoplasia. Methods: A multi-register national cohort study of 4,120,557 women aged ≥15 years (2002–2018) was conducted. The outcomes were cervical cancer and carcinoma in situ (Swedish Cancer Register). The main predictors were urogenital infections—(urinary) cystitis, (bacterial) vaginosis, (candida) vulvovaginitis. Incidence rates per 10,000 person-years were calculated (using the European Standard Population). Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) while adjusting for possible confounders—other genital infections (e.g., cervicitis, salpingitis, urogenital herpes), parity, and sociodemographic factors. Findings: In 39·0 million person-years of follow-up, the incidence rate for cervical cancer was 1·2 (95% CI 1·1–1·2) per 10,000 person-years and the figure for cervical carcinoma in situ was more than tenfold higher. The fully adjusted HRs for cervical cancer were 1·31 (95% CI 1·15 and 1·48) and 1·22 (95% CI 1·16 and 1·29) for vaginosis and cystitis, respectively. Vaginosis showed a gradient association to carcinoma in situ. Vulvovaginitis was inversely associated with cervical cancer, but not significantly related with carcinoma in situ in the fully adjusted model. A temporal association with cervical cancer was observed for vaginosis and vulvovaginitis (inversely) but not for cystitis. Interpretation: In this large nationwide cohort of women, medically attended common urogenital infections were independently associated with cervical neoplasia, but cystitis was not temporally associated with cervical neoplasia. These findings could be used to increase focus on preventive measures, HPV-vaccination programmes, HPV-analyses- and cervical cancer screening, especially in women suffering from vaginosis. Future studies on the causal mechanism are warranted before generalized public health recommendations can be made. Funding: Region Skåne, Tore Nilsons Stiftelse, and Swedish Society of Medicine.</p>}},
  author       = {{Jansåker, Filip and Li, Xinjun and Knudsen, Jenny Dahl and Frimodt-Møller, Niels and Borgfeldt, Christer and Sundquist, Kristina}},
  issn         = {{2666-7762}},
  keywords     = {{Bacterial vaginosis; Cervical cancer; Cystitis; Sociodemographic factors; Urogenital infections; Vaginal infections}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  series       = {{The Lancet Regional Health - Europe}},
  title        = {{The association between common urogenital infections and cervical neoplasia – A nationwide cohort study of over four million women (2002–2018)}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100378}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100378}},
  volume       = {{17}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}