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Generation of Human Ventral Midbrain Organoids Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells

Sozzi, Edoardo LU orcid ; Nilsson, Fredrik LU orcid ; Kajtez, Janko LU orcid ; Parmar, Malin LU orcid and Fiorenzano, Alessandro LU (2022) In Current protocols 2.
Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide and is caused by the degeneration and loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral midbrain (VM). The focal and progressive degeneration of DA neurons in the VM makes PD a particularly attractive target for cell-based therapies. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer unprecedented opportunities to model the development and functional properties of human DA neurons in a dish. The use of human in vitro models based on hPSCs has empowered studies of VM development and provided access to neurons expressing a particular disease-specific phenotype. Currently, hPSC differentiation is most routinely carried out in monolayer cultures, which do not... (More)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide and is caused by the degeneration and loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral midbrain (VM). The focal and progressive degeneration of DA neurons in the VM makes PD a particularly attractive target for cell-based therapies. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer unprecedented opportunities to model the development and functional properties of human DA neurons in a dish. The use of human in vitro models based on hPSCs has empowered studies of VM development and provided access to neurons expressing a particular disease-specific phenotype. Currently, hPSC differentiation is most routinely carried out in monolayer cultures, which do not properly recapitulate cell-cell interactions and the structural complexity of the brain. Moreover, 2D cultures are challenging to maintain long term, as the cells tend to detach from the plate and lose their functional characteristics. This precludes the possibility of mimicking later phases of DA neurogenesis and recreating the complexity of functional neural circuitries. Here, we describe protocols showing how to maintain hPSCs in an undifferentiated state and how to then drive these hPSCs into 3D regionalized VM organoids. After long-term culture, these VM organoids exhibit mature and post-mitotic molecular features, including neuromelanin pigments similar to those released in primate VMs. We also report a protocol describing how to efficiently perform immunohistochemistry and how to detect neuromelanin-containing DA neurons in VM organoids. Together, these protocols provide a 3D in vitro platform that can be used to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying DA neuron function and disease and may serve as a powerful tool for designing more targeted disease-modifying therapies. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Human pluripotent stem cell culture Basic Protocol 2: hPS cell differentiation for the generation of human ventral midbrain organoids Basic Protocol 3: Characterization of ventral midbrain organoids.

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author
; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Animals, Dopamine, Dopaminergic Neurons, Humans, Mesencephalon, Organoids, Parkinson Disease, Pluripotent Stem Cells
in
Current protocols
volume
2
article number
e555
publisher
John Wiley & Sons Inc.
external identifiers
  • pmid:36121202
  • scopus:85138176576
ISSN
2691-1299
DOI
10.1002/cpz1.555
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
© 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
id
8b1fccd4-eaba-48a7-8752-4f1c12d8c4c8
date added to LUP
2022-10-14 11:10:12
date last changed
2024-06-23 10:11:17
@article{8b1fccd4-eaba-48a7-8752-4f1c12d8c4c8,
  abstract     = {{<p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide and is caused by the degeneration and loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral midbrain (VM). The focal and progressive degeneration of DA neurons in the VM makes PD a particularly attractive target for cell-based therapies. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer unprecedented opportunities to model the development and functional properties of human DA neurons in a dish. The use of human in vitro models based on hPSCs has empowered studies of VM development and provided access to neurons expressing a particular disease-specific phenotype. Currently, hPSC differentiation is most routinely carried out in monolayer cultures, which do not properly recapitulate cell-cell interactions and the structural complexity of the brain. Moreover, 2D cultures are challenging to maintain long term, as the cells tend to detach from the plate and lose their functional characteristics. This precludes the possibility of mimicking later phases of DA neurogenesis and recreating the complexity of functional neural circuitries. Here, we describe protocols showing how to maintain hPSCs in an undifferentiated state and how to then drive these hPSCs into 3D regionalized VM organoids. After long-term culture, these VM organoids exhibit mature and post-mitotic molecular features, including neuromelanin pigments similar to those released in primate VMs. We also report a protocol describing how to efficiently perform immunohistochemistry and how to detect neuromelanin-containing DA neurons in VM organoids. Together, these protocols provide a 3D in vitro platform that can be used to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying DA neuron function and disease and may serve as a powerful tool for designing more targeted disease-modifying therapies. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Human pluripotent stem cell culture Basic Protocol 2: hPS cell differentiation for the generation of human ventral midbrain organoids Basic Protocol 3: Characterization of ventral midbrain organoids.</p>}},
  author       = {{Sozzi, Edoardo and Nilsson, Fredrik and Kajtez, Janko and Parmar, Malin and Fiorenzano, Alessandro}},
  issn         = {{2691-1299}},
  keywords     = {{Animals; Dopamine; Dopaminergic Neurons; Humans; Mesencephalon; Organoids; Parkinson Disease; Pluripotent Stem Cells}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{John Wiley & Sons Inc.}},
  series       = {{Current protocols}},
  title        = {{Generation of Human Ventral Midbrain Organoids Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpz1.555}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/cpz1.555}},
  volume       = {{2}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}