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The Burden of Road Traffic Injuries in Iran and 15 Surrounding Countries : 1990-2016

Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad ; Ahmadi, Alireza ; Shirazi, Anaheed ; Ainy, Elaheh ; Djalalinia, Shirin ; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad ; Jahanmehr, Nader ; Kiadaliri, Aliashgher LU orcid ; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar and Parsaeian, Mahboubeh , et al. (2018) In Archives of Iranian Medicine 21(12). p.556-565
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study provides estimates of deaths, years of life lost (YLL), years of life lived with disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to 249 causes of death, 315 diseases and injuries, and 79 behavioral, environmental, occupational, and metabolic risk factors in 195 countries, territories, and regions by sex and 20 age categories in 195 countries and regions since 1990. In this study, we aimed to present the burden of road traffic injuries (RTIs) in Iran and 15 surrounding countries in 1990-2016.

METHODS: The standard Cause of Death Ensemble modeling (CODEm) is used to estimate deaths due to all causes of injury by age, sex, country and year. A range of 27 causes is... (More)

BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study provides estimates of deaths, years of life lost (YLL), years of life lived with disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to 249 causes of death, 315 diseases and injuries, and 79 behavioral, environmental, occupational, and metabolic risk factors in 195 countries, territories, and regions by sex and 20 age categories in 195 countries and regions since 1990. In this study, we aimed to present the burden of road traffic injuries (RTIs) in Iran and 15 surrounding countries in 1990-2016.

METHODS: The standard Cause of Death Ensemble modeling (CODEm) is used to estimate deaths due to all causes of injury by age, sex, country and year. A range of 27 causes is used for estimating non-fatal health outcomes based on inpatient and outpatient datasets using DisMod-MR 2.0. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) estimate quantify the total burden of years lost due to premature death or disability and was computed by summing the fatal burden and non-fatal burden associated with a cause (i.e., YLL+YLD).

RESULTS: In 2016, age-standardized transport injuries in Iran accounted for 35.6 (UI: 29.64-43.44) deaths per 100000 compared to 60.8 (UI: 51.04-72.49) in 1990. Transport injury became the fourth leading cause of death in Iran in 2016, up from the 5th leading cause of death in 1990. The burden of RTIs was mainly caused by motor vehicles and motorcycles and mostly affected the economically productive age groups (15-49), males and children, especially those at school age. Afghanistan with 59.14 deaths (52.09-66.8) and UAE with 53.71 deaths (36.59-72.77) had the largest transport injury death rates per 100000. From 1990 to 2016, Iran had -2.06 annual percent change in transport death rates. The lowest annual percent change is reported for Turkmenistan at -3.43. While Pakistan, UAE and Qatar had the highest annual percent change in transport injury. Across all countries, the observed-to-expected ratios for transport injury death rates varied considerably in 2016.The UAE had the largest age-standardized ratios of observed-to-expected rate (2.93), followed by Oman (2.39), Saudi Arabia (2.23), Afghanistan (2.04) and Iran (1.95).

CONCLUSIONS: RTIs continue to be a public health burden in Iran and its neighboring countries, even though, there is evidence for decline in RTIs across all countries except Pakistan. The most frequent sub-causes of death and injury are the motor vehicle, motorcycle, and pedestrian injuries. The most vulnerable road users are children and young adults.

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organization
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type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Archives of Iranian Medicine
volume
21
issue
12
pages
10 pages
publisher
Academy of Medical Sciences of I.R. Iran
external identifiers
  • scopus:85059890554
  • pmid:30634852
ISSN
1029-2977
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
8d4dfb5c-9862-4360-bfcb-125221913450
date added to LUP
2019-01-15 15:11:01
date last changed
2024-04-15 20:49:01
@article{8d4dfb5c-9862-4360-bfcb-125221913450,
  abstract     = {{<p>BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study provides estimates of deaths, years of life lost (YLL), years of life lived with disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to 249 causes of death, 315 diseases and injuries, and 79 behavioral, environmental, occupational, and metabolic risk factors in 195 countries, territories, and regions by sex and 20 age categories in 195 countries and regions since 1990. In this study, we aimed to present the burden of road traffic injuries (RTIs) in Iran and 15 surrounding countries in 1990-2016.</p><p>METHODS: The standard Cause of Death Ensemble modeling (CODEm) is used to estimate deaths due to all causes of injury by age, sex, country and year. A range of 27 causes is used for estimating non-fatal health outcomes based on inpatient and outpatient datasets using DisMod-MR 2.0. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) estimate quantify the total burden of years lost due to premature death or disability and was computed by summing the fatal burden and non-fatal burden associated with a cause (i.e., YLL+YLD).</p><p>RESULTS: In 2016, age-standardized transport injuries in Iran accounted for 35.6 (UI: 29.64-43.44) deaths per 100000 compared to 60.8 (UI: 51.04-72.49) in 1990. Transport injury became the fourth leading cause of death in Iran in 2016, up from the 5th leading cause of death in 1990. The burden of RTIs was mainly caused by motor vehicles and motorcycles and mostly affected the economically productive age groups (15-49), males and children, especially those at school age. Afghanistan with 59.14 deaths (52.09-66.8) and UAE with 53.71 deaths (36.59-72.77) had the largest transport injury death rates per 100000. From 1990 to 2016, Iran had -2.06 annual percent change in transport death rates. The lowest annual percent change is reported for Turkmenistan at -3.43. While Pakistan, UAE and Qatar had the highest annual percent change in transport injury. Across all countries, the observed-to-expected ratios for transport injury death rates varied considerably in 2016.The UAE had the largest age-standardized ratios of observed-to-expected rate (2.93), followed by Oman (2.39), Saudi Arabia (2.23), Afghanistan (2.04) and Iran (1.95).</p><p>CONCLUSIONS: RTIs continue to be a public health burden in Iran and its neighboring countries, even though, there is evidence for decline in RTIs across all countries except Pakistan. The most frequent sub-causes of death and injury are the motor vehicle, motorcycle, and pedestrian injuries. The most vulnerable road users are children and young adults.</p>}},
  author       = {{Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad and Ahmadi, Alireza and Shirazi, Anaheed and Ainy, Elaheh and Djalalinia, Shirin and Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad and Jahanmehr, Nader and Kiadaliri, Aliashgher and Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar and Parsaeian, Mahboubeh and Pourmalek, Farshid and Rahimi, Kazem and Sepanlou, Sadaf G and Tehrani, Arash and Malekzadeh, Reza and Naghavi, Mohsen}},
  issn         = {{1029-2977}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{12}},
  number       = {{12}},
  pages        = {{556--565}},
  publisher    = {{Academy of Medical Sciences of I.R. Iran}},
  series       = {{Archives of Iranian Medicine}},
  title        = {{The Burden of Road Traffic Injuries in Iran and 15 Surrounding Countries : 1990-2016}},
  volume       = {{21}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}