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Rediscovery of the lost little dogwood Cornus wardiana (Cornaceae)—Its phylogenetic and morphological distinction and implication in the origin of the Arctic-Sino-Himalayan disjunction

Wahlsteen, Eric LU ; Zhou, Wenbin ; Xiang, Qiuyun and Rushforth, Keith (2021) In Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59(2). p.405-416
Abstract

The dwarf dogwoods (subgenus Arctocrania) have been widely known to consist of three circumboreal species Cornus suecica, Cornus canadensis, and Cornus unalaschkensis. A fourth putative species was discovered from the northern Myanmar in 1937, but it had never been formally reported on. Here, we formally report the species on the basis of phylogenetic and morphological evidence and name it Cornus wardiana Rushforth & Wahlsteen (sp. nov.). We conducted phylogenetic and morphometric analyses to determine its evolutionary relationship and differentiation from the existing relatives. We dated the phylogeny using molecular data and conducted a biogeographic analysis to gain insights into the evolution and biogeography of the... (More)

The dwarf dogwoods (subgenus Arctocrania) have been widely known to consist of three circumboreal species Cornus suecica, Cornus canadensis, and Cornus unalaschkensis. A fourth putative species was discovered from the northern Myanmar in 1937, but it had never been formally reported on. Here, we formally report the species on the basis of phylogenetic and morphological evidence and name it Cornus wardiana Rushforth & Wahlsteen (sp. nov.). We conducted phylogenetic and morphometric analyses to determine its evolutionary relationship and differentiation from the existing relatives. We dated the phylogeny using molecular data and conducted a biogeographic analysis to gain insights into the evolution and biogeography of the Arctic-Sino-Himalayan disjunction. The phylogenetic analysis used sequences of the nrITS and plastid matK and rbcL genes and included all four dwarf dogwoods and 20 other species representing the three other major lineages of Cornus and the outgroup. The morphometric analyses included 60 populations and 102 specimens of dwarf dogwood, representing the entire range of the subgenus. The results showed that C. wardiana diverged first within subgenus Arctocrania in the Miocene, from a wide-spread ancestor. Results from principal component analysis and discriminant analysis also showed that the Myanmar samples are well separated from the others. Taken together, these results suggest that the dwarf dogwood lineage split from the big-bracted dogwoods in Asia or Asia-western North America during the late Paleocene and spread widely to form a Eurasia-North America distribution; the Arctic-Sino-Himalayan disjunction was the result of southward migration in the Miocene followed by extinction in the intervening highland areas.

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author
; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
circumboreal-Himalayan disjunction, Cornus, morphometry, new species, phylogeny
in
Journal of Systematics and Evolution
volume
59
issue
2
pages
405 - 416
publisher
Wiley-Blackwell
external identifiers
  • scopus:85081962507
ISSN
1674-4918
DOI
10.1111/jse.12576
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
ab18df98-5226-4b5a-b5c1-d06e2efb2d2d
date added to LUP
2020-04-08 14:33:13
date last changed
2024-05-15 09:03:11
@article{ab18df98-5226-4b5a-b5c1-d06e2efb2d2d,
  abstract     = {{<p>The dwarf dogwoods (subgenus Arctocrania) have been widely known to consist of three circumboreal species Cornus suecica, Cornus canadensis, and Cornus unalaschkensis. A fourth putative species was discovered from the northern Myanmar in 1937, but it had never been formally reported on. Here, we formally report the species on the basis of phylogenetic and morphological evidence and name it Cornus wardiana Rushforth &amp; Wahlsteen (sp. nov.). We conducted phylogenetic and morphometric analyses to determine its evolutionary relationship and differentiation from the existing relatives. We dated the phylogeny using molecular data and conducted a biogeographic analysis to gain insights into the evolution and biogeography of the Arctic-Sino-Himalayan disjunction. The phylogenetic analysis used sequences of the nrITS and plastid matK and rbcL genes and included all four dwarf dogwoods and 20 other species representing the three other major lineages of Cornus and the outgroup. The morphometric analyses included 60 populations and 102 specimens of dwarf dogwood, representing the entire range of the subgenus. The results showed that C. wardiana diverged first within subgenus Arctocrania in the Miocene, from a wide-spread ancestor. Results from principal component analysis and discriminant analysis also showed that the Myanmar samples are well separated from the others. Taken together, these results suggest that the dwarf dogwood lineage split from the big-bracted dogwoods in Asia or Asia-western North America during the late Paleocene and spread widely to form a Eurasia-North America distribution; the Arctic-Sino-Himalayan disjunction was the result of southward migration in the Miocene followed by extinction in the intervening highland areas.</p>}},
  author       = {{Wahlsteen, Eric and Zhou, Wenbin and Xiang, Qiuyun and Rushforth, Keith}},
  issn         = {{1674-4918}},
  keywords     = {{circumboreal-Himalayan disjunction; Cornus; morphometry; new species; phylogeny}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{405--416}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley-Blackwell}},
  series       = {{Journal of Systematics and Evolution}},
  title        = {{Rediscovery of the lost little dogwood Cornus wardiana (Cornaceae)—Its phylogenetic and morphological distinction and implication in the origin of the Arctic-Sino-Himalayan disjunction}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jse.12576}},
  doi          = {{10.1111/jse.12576}},
  volume       = {{59}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}